Abstract: A method and apparatus for the use of fluorogenic probes for development of a rapid, and cost-effective determination of lead clearance following lead hazard control activities. The invention involves the use of fluorogenic chemosensors for efficient detection of lead in dust on hard surfaces at regulatory levels. The use of methods for lead visualization based on one or more of the fluorogenic type compounds would be highly beneficial to lead abatement projects. The identification of areas of high lead concentration (hotspots) can allow work to be focused on areas that have the greatest impact on clearance. Also, a rapid and cost-effective means of determining if lead clearance has been met can improve compliance with lead abatement activities. This would decrease the amount of time and materials spent in general surface cleaning and allow the elimination of isolated areas of lead concentration that may otherwise have been missed.

Abstract: A reflective trail marker which may be used to form an outdoor trail which is highly visible at night is provided. The reflective trail marker has a generally “hour-glass” shaped marker head, having a central portion and top and bottom cap portions. The central portion has a light reflective side wall surface. The top and bottom cap portions have non-reflective surfaces, and preferably overhang the reflective side wall surface of the central portion. Reflective trail markers may be attached to horizontal support structures, for 360° reflection, to mark a trail easily visible at night when a light is shined on the trail from any angle, or may be attached to vertical support structures, for limited angle reflection, to form a secret trail. A metal pin preferably extends from the bottom cap portion to allow easy attachment and removal of the marker from a tree or other support structure.

Abstract: A broadhead arrowhead of the type having replaceable blades is formed with a central body which has slots which receive the replaceable blades and plural sets of holes formed radially therethrough to give the arrowhead significantly reduced weight compared to arrowheads of similar size, while retaining high strength and rigidity. Each set of holes is formed as a line of holes extending lengthwise along the central body, with the size of the holes from the back to the front of the body preferably decreasing in size to match the taper of the cross-sectional diameter of the central body. Where three blades are provided, six sets of holes may be formed in the central body by drilling through the central body, with the slots for admitting the blades extending through three of the sets of holes. In addition to reducing weight, the holes also provide a wind foil which is effective to reduce the noise of the arrow in flight and to improve its stability.