Abstract: Two-thirds to five-sixths basic aluminum chlorides having enhanced antiperspirant efficacy are produced by heating an aqueous solution containing about 40 to about 50 weight percent of the basic aluminum chloride to a temperature of at least about 130 degrees C. for about one to twelve hours in a closed vessel, with the heating time being inversely proportional to the temperature. Five-sixths basic aluminum chlorides treated in this manner are characterized by a size exclusion chromatogram having a single major peak with its apex at a relative retention time of about 0.75-0.79. The basic aluminum chlorides may be incorporated into any of the conventional antiperspirant forms with non-toxic, dermatologically acceptable carriers.

Abstract: A meter for sheet conductance measurements does not touch the conductive surface of a sample. A probe having a resonant tank coil is positioned against a parallel supporting surface of the sample, which may be flat or curved and of unrestricted area. An oscillator incorporating the tank coil is controlled to stabilize oscillator amplitude in response to eddy current loading by the sample. An electrostatic shield in a finger configuration prevents capacitive coupling between the tank coil and the sample without hindering magnetic coupling. A readout of sheet conductance is driven by the oscillator control. Direct current can be coupled to the tank coil for temperature control preventing undesired resistance changes in the tank coil. The oscillator can be controlled by an optically coupled variable gain element. Measurements can be made with the tank coil up to at least 0.75 inch from the conductive surface of the sample.

Abstract: An optical transmission monitor for determining the optical transmissivity and thickness of films deposited on a substrate. A monitor substrate in the form of a rotating disk exposed to the deposition process is used. An optical system for measuring the transmissivity of the disk obstructs a fixed segment of the rotating disk so that the film thickness on the monitor disk is a known fraction of the film on the substrate being processed.

Abstract: A pair of overlapping, normally spaced conductive sheets (16,18) have sufficient flexibility between them to permit electrical contact when touched. One sheet has spaced, approximately parallel electrodes (20,21). The other sheet has spaced approximately parallel electrodes (22,23) transverse to the electrodes of the one sheet. A source of electrical power (10,12) is alternatively connected across the electrodes of one sheet to the exclusion of the other sheet. One electrode of each sheet is coupled to a signal processing circuit (32) having a high impedance differential input.

Abstract: Compositions having detergent properties and improved anti-redeposition properties are prepared based on a ternary combination of a water-soluble polyetheneoxy organic nonionic detergent compound, a substantially water-insoluble polyalkyleneoxy nonionic compound, and an organic compound selected from the group consisting of N-alkanol alkaneamides, tertiary amine oxides having one long alkyl chain, and dialkyl sulfoxides having one long chain.