Abstract: To produce a carboxylic acid R.sup.1 --COOH, in which R.sup.1 is a tertiary branched alkyl residue or a cycloalkyl residue with one or more rings, which may be attached, and possibly substituted by at least one alkyl residue, the alpha carbon atom of the carbonyl group being a tertiary carbon atom, a branched or cyclic alkane R.sup.1 H, in which R.sup.1 is a branched alkyl residue or a cycloalkyl residue with one or more rings, which may be attached, and possibly substituted by at least one alkyl residue, the alpha carbon atom of the hydrogen atom being a tertiary carbon atom or a secondary carbon atom capable of being rearranged during reaction to a tertiary atom, is reacted in the presence of an acid catalyst with a formiate H(CO)O(CR.sup.2 R.sup.3 R.sup.4), in which R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 denote hydrogen or alkyl, under the three following conditions: that R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.

Abstract: This invention relates to superbasic additives for lubricant oils containing an organic molybdenum complex virtually insoluble in hydrocarbons. The complexes are formed with organic compounds such as amines, diamines, alkoxylated amines, glycols and polyols.The additives according to the invention have anti-wear, friction-reducing and antioxidant properties in the lubricant formulations.

Abstract: A process is provided for the preparation of an overalkalinized additive for lubricant oils which consists of carbonating a reaction mixture composed of at least one detergent, one derivative of alkaline or alkaline earth metal, at least one nitrogenized and/or oxygenated promoter in a diluent oil and a hydrocarbonated solvent, and wherein the operation is carried out in the presence of at least one boron derivative. Also provided, the additives thus obtained and lubricant compositions containing the additive. These additives are homogeneous and stable, and have very good antiwear properties.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of beta-disubstituted monocarboxylic acids derived from tertiary acyclic, monocyclic or bicyclic hydrocarbons. The process consists in reacting said hydrocarbons with vinylidene chloride and either a functional compound where the molecule includes a tertiary carbon atom bonded to the heteroatom of a functional group such as a tertiary alcohol, an ether, or a tertiary halide or an alkene, in the presence of a concentrated protonic acid. The reaction can be carried out in the presence of a catalyst of the Lewis acid type and particularly BF.sub.3. These acids are useful as synthesis intermediates and as additives for oils and lubricants.