Abstract: A card according to one embodiment includes an RFID circuit on or within a substrate and an antenna coupled to the RFID circuit, where the card is configured such that a signal associated with the card is capable of being read by at least one RF reader.

Abstract: A calibrated gate biasing circuit according to one embodiment includes a switched capacitor precision resistor; and a voltage reference. An electronic circuit for initiating a change in state of a host device, according to another embodiment, includes a counter coupled to a host device, the counter counting at a fixed interval, wherein the counter is reset to zero upon receiving a command from a remote device, wherein the count is compared to a reference value, wherein the host device changes states if the count matches the reference value, wherein operation of the counter continues in spite of an interruption in power supply from a power source. Asymmetrical differential amplifiers are also disclosed, according to various embodiments.

Abstract: A method for generating data encryption coding with variable clocking according to one embodiment includes storing a secret code in a first register; storing a locally-generated random number in a second register; storing a second random number generated at a remote device in the second register; extracting bits from the first register; extracting bits from the second register; setting a state of a clock generator in response to one or more bits from each register, the clock generator generating a clock signal controlling operation of the first register, the clock signal varying depending on the state of the clock generator.

Abstract: A method for exchanging data according to one embodiment includes transmitting a packet of data from a first device to a second device, the packet of data comprising an unencrypted command and an encrypted payload.

Abstract: A display includes a plurality of pixels and operates in a selected load period, a separate deselected load period, and a separate illumination period. Light may be generated by the plurality of pixels during the illumination period based on voltages stored in the plurality of pixels during the selected and deselected load periods. Methods of operating a display are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for communicating with a plurality of radio frequency (RF) devices includes transmitting a first signal at a first power level, interrogating RF devices responding to the first signal, instructing the responding RF devices to change state, and transmitting a second signal at a second power level higher than the first power level. The RF devices responding to the first signal do not respond to the second signal upon changing state.

Abstract: A casino chip according to one embodiment includes an RFID circuit on or within a substrate; and an antenna coupled to the RFID circuit; wherein the casino chip is configured such that a signal associated with the casino chip is capable of being read by at least one RF reader. An RFID system according to one embodiment includes at least one RF reader; and a plurality of casino chips. Each of the plurality of casino chips includes an RFID circuit on or within a substrate; and an antenna coupled to the RFID circuit. Each of the plurality of casino chips are configured such that a signal associated with each of the casino chips is capable of being read by the at least one RF reader.

Abstract: A display includes a plurality of pixels and operates in a selected load period, a separate deselected load period, and a separate illumination period. Light may be generated by the plurality of pixels during the illumination period based on voltages stored in the plurality of pixels during the selected and deselected load periods. Methods of operating a display are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for reading poker chips according to one embodiment includes sending out an interrogation signal; receiving responses from poker chips in response to the interrogation signal, each of the poker chips comprising a circuit and an antenna coupled to the circuit, wherein the antenna minimally affects electromagnetic RF fields surrounding the antenna even in the vicinity of the antenna; and determining a value of the poker chips from which responses are received. A poker chip according to another embodiment includes a circuit on or within a substrate; and an antenna coupled to the circuit, wherein the antenna minimally affects electromagnetic RF fields surrounding the antenna even in the vicinity of the antenna. Additional systems and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for an electronic assembly. The electronic assembly has a first object created and separated from a host substrate. The first object has a first electrical circuitry therein. A carrier substrate is coupled to the first object wherein the first object is being recessed below a surface of the carrier substrate. The carrier substrate further includes a first carrier connection pad and a second carrier connection pad that interconnect with the first object using metal connectors. A receiving substrate, which is substantially planar, including a second electrical circuitry, a first receiving connection pad, and a second receiving connection pad that interconnect with the second electrical circuitry using the metal connectors. The carrier substrate is coupled to the receiving substrate using the connection pads mentioned.

Abstract: A timing circuit that can function as an accurate persistent node in an RFID tag includes a power capture circuit for capturing power from a power source, and a counter circuit that provides a count representing a progression of time. The count can then be compared to a reference value representing a time constant of the circuit.

Abstract: A method for generating data encryption coding with variable clocking according to one embodiment includes storing a secret code in a first register; storing a locally-generated random number in a second register; storing a second random number generated at a remote device in the second register; extracting bits from the first register; extracting bits from the second register; setting a state of a clock generator in response to one or more bits from each register, the clock generator generating a clock signal controlling operation of the first register, the clock signal varying depending on the state of the clock generator.

Abstract: A device for generating a seedless pseudo-random number, according to one embodiment, includes a first register containing a secret code; a second register containing a first random number generated locally and a second random number generated at a remote device; and an exclusive OR (XOR) circuit receiving output from the first and second registers and applying an XOR function to the outputs, a result of the XOR function being fed into the second register in a subsequent cycle.

Abstract: A device for generating a seedless pseudo-random number, according to one embodiment, includes a first register containing a secret code; a second register containing a first random number generated locally and a second random number generated at a remote device; and an exclusive OR (XOR) circuit receiving output from the first and second registers and applying an XOR function to the outputs, a result of the XOR function being fed into the second register in a subsequent cycle.

Abstract: A tiled display device is formed from display tiles having picture element (pixel) positions defined up to the edge of the tiles. Each tile includes a memory which stores display data, and pixel driving circuitry which controls the scanning and illumination of the pixels on the tile. The tiles are formed in two parts, an electronics section and a display section. Each of these parts includes connecting pads which cover several pixel positions. Each connecting pad makes an electrical connection to only one row electrode or column electrode. The connecting pads on the display section are electrically connected and physically joined to corresponding connecting pads on the electronics section to form a complete tile.

Abstract: A first embodiment provides a process and system for simple, secure exchange of random numbers between two devices by combining a random number and a secret code (e.g., password) to generate a first challenge code, extracting the random number using the password at the second device, combining the first random number with a second random number, and returning the combination to the first device, which extracts the second random number from the second challenge code using its first random number. A CRC can be added to authenticate the sender. Another embodiment provides a system and method for generating a seedless pseudo-random number. The Yet another embodiment provides a system and method for generating data encryption coding with variable clocking.

Abstract: A timing circuit that can function as an accurate persistent node in an RFID tag includes a power capture circuit for capturing power from a power source, and a counter circuit that provides a count representing a progression of time. The count can then be compared to a reference value representing a time constant of the circuit.

Abstract: A method for reading poker chips according to one embodiment includes sending out an interrogation signal; receiving responses from poker chips in response to the interrogation signal, each of the poker chips comprising a circuit and an antenna coupled to the circuit, wherein the antenna minimally affects electromagnetic RF fields surrounding the antenna even in the vicinity of the antenna; and determining a value of the poker chips from which responses are received. A poker chip according to another embodiment includes a circuit on or within a substrate; and an antenna coupled to the circuit, wherein the antenna minimally affects electromagnetic RF fields surrounding the antenna even in the vicinity of the antenna. Additional systems and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: A timing circuit that can function as an accurate persistent node in an RFID tag includes a power capture circuit for capturing power from a power source, and a counter circuit that provides a count representing a progression of time. The count can then be compared to a reference value representing a time constant of the circuit.

Abstract: A “semi-transparent” antenna and Radio Frequency (RF) device implementing the same. The semi-transparent antenna gathers some of the RF energy in a carrier signal, but most of the energy in the RF wave does not couple into the antenna. Accordingly, because the antenna minimally affects the electromagnetic RF fields surrounding the antenna even in the vicinity of the antenna, assemblies of objects carrying the RF devices can be formed while maintaining acceptable communications with the RF devices.