Abstract: The probabilistic accumulation method is an independent and comprehensive approach for validating third-party catastrophe models. The method starts with a standard technique, namely, a limited scenario accumulation analysis, and extends the approach via a novel sampling methodology to evaluate the third-party models against a significantly larger data set. The sampling approach includes a technique for extending the fixed frequency and severity assumption used by the vendor catastrophe models. The result is a more complete set of loss estimates against which to evaluate the vendor model output.

Abstract: A hydraulic turbine has a gas distribution manifold mounted to an inside wall of a draft tube downstream from a turbine runner. The gas distribution manifold extends at least substantially around the first inside wall of the draft tube. The gas distribution manifold has a plurality of gas outlet ports for discharging oxygen into the water as the oxygen containing gas passes there around. An oxygen containing gas supply extends along a person access passageway and through the wall of the draft tube into the gas distribution manifold adjacent a man hole door.

Abstract: A hydraulic turbine has a gas distribution manifold mounted to an inside wall of a draft tube downstream from a turbine runner. The gas distribution manifold extends at least substantially around the first inside wall of the draft tube. The gas distribution manifold has a plurality of gas outlet ports for discharging oxygen into the water as the oxygen containing gas passes there around. An oxygen containing gas supply extends along a person access passageway and through the wall of the draft tube into the gas distribution manifold adjacent a man hole door.