Abstract: The invention relates to a melt-formed, high-silver, alkali-free, borosilicate glass that can be used for fabricating optical devices. For gradient index lenses, the glass can be subjected to an ion exchange process in order to introduce a less polarizable ion onto the glass surface having a higher refractive index on the surface relative to the center of the glass. The glass is unique in that the silver ions are not introduced by ion exchange. Rather, the high silver content of the glass is achieved during melting. As melted, the transparent alkali-free, borosilicate glass produced by the inventive method contains a high concentration of silver, exhibits a high refractive index and negligible attenuation at wavelengths longer than about 400 nm, making it particularly suitable for high performance fiber optic components such as gradient index or so-called GRIN lenses.

Abstract: An optical member includes a fused silica glass having a concentration of ≡SiH moiety below detection limit as measured by Raman spectroscopy and a concentration of molecular hydrogen of at least 1×1017 molecules/cm3. The fused silica glass exhibits an induced absorption level which quickly attains an initial peak upon exposure to irradiation and rapidly decays to a low value. The induced absorption level after decaying to the low value remains substantially unchanged by further irradiation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a strong UV absorbing glass consisting essentially of, expressed in cation percent, 15-30% SiO.sub.2, 50-60% B.sub.2 O.sub.3, 2-5% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0-6% Li.sub.2 O, 0-3.0% Na.sub.2 O, 14-20% K.sub.2 O, 0.5-1.0% CuO, 0.4-0.7% SnO.sub.2, 0.5-1.5% Cl, and 0.7-1.5% Br. An essentially haze-free version of the glass is disclosed. A UV absorbing coating material made by suspending ground particles of the inventive glass in a suitable matrix is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a thin layer of UV absorbing material, and a method of making such material by grinding UV absorbing glass into fine powder which can be suspended in a liquid matrix, for example, in index matching oil, thereby producing a transparent liquid which can be used to coat any material to impart UV absorption to such material.

Abstract: The invention relates to the production of high purity fused silica glass which is highly resistant to 248 nm excimer laser-induced optical damage. In particular, this invention relates to a fused silica optical member or blank.

Abstract: A method of strengthening a glass article by developing compressive stress in a surface layer on the article through an exchange of alkali metal ions in the surface layer at an elevated temperature below the glass strain point, the step of minimizing stress relaxation by carrying out the ion exchange in a glass essentially free from non-bridging oxygen atoms. Glasses having particular utility contain alumina in their compositions in such amount that the number of aluminum atoms in a glass are at least equal to the number of alkali metal ions, or contain both alumina and boric oxide in such amounts that the formula ##EQU1## is satisfied.

Abstract: The invention relates to the production of high purity fused silica glass which is highly resistant to optical damage by ultraviolet radiation in the laser wavelength of about 300 nm or shorter. In particular, this invention relates to a fused silica optical member or blank which exhibits substantially no optical damage up to 10.sup.7 pulses (350 mJ/cm.sup.2) at the KrF laser wavelength region of about 248 nm, and at the ArF laser wavelength region of about 193 nm.

Abstract: An ophthalmic lens of photochromic glass having an R.sub.2 O-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 -B.sub.2 O.sub.3 -SiO.sub.2 base glass composition and a method of producing the lens. The lens contains precipitated cuprous halide crystals that are elongated and oriented, whereby the lens is capable of polarizing light when the lens is in the darkened state. If at least a portion of the crystals in at least a surface layer on the lens are reduced to copper metal, the lens exhibits a permanent dichroic behavior. The lens provides effective polarization of radiation across the entire visible wavelength region of the spectrum, has a sharp spectral cutoff for radiation below the 400 nm wavelength, thereby eliminating UV transmission, and has a transmittance not over about 40% in the darkened state.

Abstract: High purity fused silica glass which is highly resistant to optical damage by ultraviolet radiation in the laser wavelength of about 300 nm or shorter is produced. In particular, a fused silica optical member or blank exhibits substantially no optical damage up to 10.sup.7 pulses (350 mJ/cm.sup.2) at the KrF laser wavelength region of about 248 nm, and at the ArF laser wavelength region of about 193 nm.

Abstract: A materials system comprising a glass containing alkali metal ions capable of migrating and a silica, alumina, or tantala film deposited on the glass surface, the glass also containing high field strength ions that can change coordination. The direction of alkali metal ion flow depends on the film selected and the glass composition.

Abstract: A non-photochromic colored glass containing crystals of precipitated cuprous oxide in a matrix of glass, the matrix glass consisting essentially of, in cation percent, 35-75% SiO.sub.2, 15-45% B.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0-12% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, the Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 being less than 10% when the SiO.sub.2 is over 55%, 0-5% ZrO.sub.2, 0-12% Li.sub.2 O, 0-20% Na.sub.2 O, 0-12% K.sub.2 O, the sum Li.sub.2 O+Na.sub.2 O+K.sub.2 O being 5-20%, 0-5% CaO+BaO+SrO, 0.4-1.75% Cu.sub.2 O, 0-2% As.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0-2% Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0-1% SnO.sub.2, the sum As.sub.2 O.sub.3 +Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3 +SnO.sub.2 being 0.5-2%, characterized by 0.075.ltoreq.R-value .ltoreq.0.

Abstract: A glass article that is effective in polarizing radiation in the range of 400-700 nm and method of making, the glass having an R.sub.2 O--Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 --B.sub.2 O.sub.3 --SiO.sub.2 base glass composition, a precipitated crystal phase consisting of a halide selected from the group composed of cuprous, cadmium and mixed cuprous-cadmium halides, the crystals in the crystal phase being elongated, and a portion of the crystals near the surface of the article being at least partially reduced to colloidal copper, whereby the article exhibits permanent dichroic behavior and has a polarization efficiency across the entire wavelength range of 400-700 nm of at least 0.80.

Abstract: A UV-absorbing, polarizing glass article and method of making, the glass having an R.sub.2 O-B.sub.2 O.sub.3 -SiO.sub.2 base glass composition, a sharp spectral cut-off at about 400 nm, a precipitated crystal phase consisting of a halide selected from the group composed of cuprous, cadmium and mixed cuprous-cadmium halides, the crystallites in the crystal phase being elongated, and a portion of the crystallites near the surface of the article being at least partially reduced to colloidal copper, whereby the article exhibits permanent dichroic behavior.

Abstract: A non-photochromic R.sub.2 O-B.sub.2 O.sub.3 -SiO.sub.2 glass containing a cuprous or cuprous-cadmium halide crystal phase, having a sharp spectral cutoff at about 400 nm, the glass composition consisting essentially of, in cation percent, 35-73% SiO.sub.2, 15-45% B.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0-12% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, the Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 being less than 10% when the SiO.sub.2 is over 55%, 0-12% Li.sub.2 O, 0-20% Na.sub.2 O, 0-12% K.sub.2 O, the Li.sub.2 O+Na.sub.2 O+K.sub.2 O being 4.75-20%, 0-5% CaO+BaO+SrO, 0.125-1.0% Cu.sub.2 O, 0-1% CdO, 0-5% ZrO.sub.2, 0-0.75% SnO.sub.2, 0-1% As.sub.2 O.sub.3 and/or Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3, the glass containing 0-1.75%. Cl, 0-1.0% Br, 0.25-2.0% Cl+Br and 0-2% F by weight, and having an R-value, calculated in mole percent of 0.15-0.45, the R-value not exceeding 0.30, except as the glass composition meets at least one condition selected from the group: up to 12 cation % Li.sub.2 O, less than 10 cation % Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, at least 0.3 cation % Cu.sub.2 O and 0.50-2.0% Cl+Br.

Abstract: A non-photochromic R.sub.2 O--B.sub.2 O.sub.3 --SiO.sub.2 glass containing a cuprous or cuprous-cadmium halide crystal phase, having a sharp spectral cutoff at about 400 nm, the glass composition consisting essentially of, in cation percent, 35-73% SiO.sub.2, 15-45% B.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0-12% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, the Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 being less than 10% when the SiO.sub.2 is over 55%, 0-12% Li.sub.2 O, O-20% Na.sub.2 O, 0-12% K.sub.2 O, the Li.sub.2 O+Na.sub.2 O+K.sub.2 O being 4.75-20%, 0-5% CaO+BaO+SrO, 0.125-1.0% Cu.sub.2 O, 0-1% CdO, 0-5% ZrO.sub.2, 0-0.75% SnO.sub.2, 0-1% As.sub.2 O.sub.3 and/or Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3, the glass containing 0-1.75% Cl, 0-1.0% Br, 0.25-2.0% Cl+Br and 0-2% F by weight, and having an R-value, calculated in mole percent of 0.15-0.45, the R-value not exceeding 0.30, except as the glass composition meets at least one condition selected from the group: up to 12 cation % Li.sub.2 O, less than 10 cation % Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, at least 0.3 cation % Cu.sub.2 O and 0.50-2.0% Cl+Br.

Abstract: A photosensitive borosilicate glass which consists essentially in calculated weight percent on an oxide basis of 20-80% SiO.sub.2, 8-40% B.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0-6% Li.sub.2, 0-28% Na.sub.2, 0-25% K.sub.2 O, the total Na.sub.2 O+K.sub.2 O being 10-28%, 0-18% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and minor amounts of photosensitizing agents silver, cerium oxide, antimony oxide and bromine and/or chlorine, the cation ratio of R.sub.2 O--Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 to B.sub.2 O.sub.3 being at least 0.6.

Abstract: A method of dealkalizing a glass body that contains at least one alkali metal ion as either an impurity or an intentionally added constituent. The method involves intimately contacting the glass body with a hydrogen-ion-producing anode and an oxide receptor for the alkali metal ion as a cathode and exposing the glass body and electrode assembly to hydrogen while the assembly is at an elevated temperature.

Abstract: This invention relates to the production of an essentially colorless alkali meal oxide-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and/or B.sub.2 O.sub.3 -SiO.sub.2, wherein at least a portion thereof contains silver ions resulting from an ion exchange reaction wherein Ag.sup.+ ions from an external source are exchanged with alkali metal ions in the glass. The amount of exchange can be varied across a portion of the glass to impart a gradient in refractive index thereto. Such technology is especially suited to the optical engineering field, particularly the making of high performance fiber-optic components.

Abstract: This invention relates to photochromic glasses exhibiting refractive indices greater than 1.59, densities no higher than 3.1 g/cm.sup.3, Abbe numbers of at least 40, weight losses no greater than 0.01 mg/cm.sup.2 in the A.O. test, and which, when exposed to actinic radiation at room temperatures, darken to transmittances below 40% and fade at least 15 percentage points of transmittance after five minutes' removal from the actinic radiation.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of producing a photochromic glass having a reduced transmittance for ultraviolet radiation while having substantially unimpaired photochromic properties. The method comprises providing a combination of 0.1-1.0% CeO.sub.2 and 0.1-1.5% Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3 and/or As.sub.2 O.sub.3 as part of the glass composition. In an embodiment utilizing minimal silver content, the glass article in thicknesses of 1.3 to 2.0 mm. can be chemically strengthened to surpass the impact specification imposed by the Federal Food and Drug Administration for eyewear, will transmit less than 0.2% of radiation having wavelengths between 290-315 nm, and will demonstrate a darkened luminous transmittance at 20.degree.-25.degree. C. below 35% and a fading rate such that after five minutes the luminous transmittance will be at least 1.75 times that of the darkened transmittance. These glasses consist essentially of:______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 55-61 Ag >0.1-<0.2 B.sub.2 O.sub.3 18-21 Cl 0.