Abstract: Various embodiments provide a method and apparatus for providing a tenant redundancy architecture that does not require reserving a complete set of duplicate resources, pushing complexity into the application domain or require the application to communicate simultaneously with two active tenant instances. In particular, a shadow tenant is created that has the functionality of the service tenant but is hidden from the rest of the network until activated.

Abstract: A multi-ring reliable messaging system is formed by interconnecting a plurality of token rings via a pair of gateways that includes an active gateway that is configured to communicate with the token rings and a standby gateway that also is configured to communicate with the token rings. The active gateway receives an original message via a first token ring, generates an associated message for a second token ring based on the original message, and propagates the associated message toward the second token ring. The active gateway supports total order delivery of messages within the token rings and causal-order delivery of messages between the token rings. The standby gateway monitors for original and associated messages received via the token rings in a manner for preventing loss of messages when the active gateway fails.

Abstract: A multi-ring reliable messaging system is formed by interconnecting a plurality of token rings via a pair of gateways that includes an active gateway that is configured to communicate with the token rings and a standby gateway that also is configured to communicate with the token rings. The active gateway receives an original message via a first token ring, generates an associated message for a second token ring based on the original message, and propagates the associated message toward the second token ring. The active gateway supports total order delivery of messages within the token rings and causal-order delivery of messages between the token rings. The standby gateway monitors for original and associated messages received via the token rings in a manner for preventing loss of messages when the active gateway fails.

Abstract: Various exemplary embodiments relate to a method and related network node including one or more of the following: receiving, by a load balancer, a plurality of metric values from a plurality of servers; calculating an average metric value based on the plurality of metric values; calculating a first error value based on the average metric value and a first metric value of the plurality of metric values; generating a first integral value by incorporating the first error value into a first previous integral value; and generating a first preference value for a first server of the plurality of servers based on the first integral value.

Abstract: A multi-ring reliable messaging system is formed by interconnecting a plurality of token rings via a pair of gateways that includes an active gateway that is configured to communicate with the token rings and a standby gateway that also is configured to communicate with the token rings. The active gateway receives an original message via a first token ring, generates an associated message for a second token ring based on the original message, and propagates the associated message toward the second token ring. The active gateway supports total order delivery of messages within the token rings and causal-order delivery of messages between the token rings. The standby gateway monitors for original and associated messages received via the token rings in a manner for preventing loss of messages when the active gateway fails.

Abstract: Various exemplary embodiments relate to a method and related network node including one or more of the following: receiving, by a load balancer, a plurality of metric values from a plurality of servers; calculating an average metric value based on the plurality of metric values; calculating a first error value based on the average metric value and a first metric value of the plurality of metric values; generating a first integral value by incorporating the first error value into a first previous integral value; and generating a first preference value for a first server of the plurality of servers based on the first integral value.

Abstract: Various embodiments provide a method and apparatus for providing a tenant redundancy architecture that does not require reserving a complete set of duplicate resources, pushing complexity into the application domain or require the application to communicate simultaneously with two active tenant instances. In particular, a shadow tenant is created that has the functionality of the service tenant but is hidden from the rest of the network until activated.

Abstract: A circuit for providing a phase controlled clock output includes a ring oscillator having a delay line for providing an internal clock signal whose period varies with on-chip variations due to temperature, voltage, and process. The circuit also includes a clock phase select circuit having a counter and divider for determining the number of delays in one external clock period and an input for a phase select value. A delay line having delay elements similar to those of the ring oscillator provides multiple delayed clock signals from the reference clock signal. A multiplexor having odd and even sides is used to select the desired clock signal in a glitchless manner. The phase controlled clock signal output is controlled by the phase select signal and is compensated for on-chip variations due to temperature, voltage, and process.