Abstract: Embodiments herein disclose systems and methods for enabling new types (referred to as existent types), that allow for expressing additional possible values and, thereby, eliminating out-of-bounds access errors in programming. In addition to the value “null” as supported by many programming languages, embodiments herein introduce a new special or reserved value to represent an out-of-bounds access. In an exemplary embodiment, a special “undefined” value or memory address, which is distinct from “null”, that exclusively describes out-of-bounds accesses is defined. The implementation includes but is not limited to value checks, bounds checks, and container-level implementations.

Abstract: Embodiments herein disclose systems and methods for enabling new types (referred to as existent types), that allow for expressing additional possible values and, thereby, eliminating out-of-bounds access errors in programming. In addition to the value “null” as supported by many programming languages, embodiments herein introduce a new special or reserved value to represent an out-of-bounds access. In an exemplary embodiment, a special “undefined” value or memory address, which is distinct from “null”, that exclusively describes out-of-bounds accesses is defined. The implementation includes but is not limited to value checks, bounds checks, and container-level implementations.

Abstract: A computerized method is provided to consume a dynamically-typed language in a compatible language, and to compile source code in the compatible language to a target language. The methods make it possible to add type safety and static type checking to a superset of dynamically-typed languages, irrespective of whether the dynamically-typed languages are dynamically type-checked or not. In preferred embodiments, the methods allow for all types in an external language to be represented as a single type. In various embodiments, more than one unified external type can be allowed, each unified external type being specific to a group or class of types. In the methods, conversions are used as a mechanism to convert types. Conversions can be either implicit or explicit, and explicit conversions can be either implementation-defined or user-defined.

Abstract: A computerized method is provided to consume a dynamically-typed language in a compatible language, and to compile source code in a compatible language into a target language to add “eventual type safety” and static type checking to a superset of a dynamically-typed language, irrespective of whether the dynamically-typed language is dynamically type-checked or not. The computing environment is a development environment comprising a compiler to compile statically-typed code to a dynamically-typed target language (or any other target language), a user interface for rendering visual interface for editing code and managing code, an editor for allowing programmers to edit source code, an execution engine for runtime execution of compiled code, a source code manager to enable programmers to manage source code files, and a source files module to store and retrieve source files.