Abstract: A direct injection fuel injector includes a nozzle tip having a plurality of passages allowing fluid communication between an inner nozzle tip surface portion and an outer nozzle tip surface portion and directly into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. A first group of the passages have inner surface apertures located substantially in a first common plane. A second group of the passages have inner surface apertures located substantially in at least a second common plane substantially parallel to the first common plane. The second group has more passages than the first group.

Abstract: Often NOx selective catalysts that use ammonia to reduce NOx within exhaust to a harmless gas require on-board storage of ammonia which can be hazardous and inconvenient. In order to generate ammonia in exhaust, the present disclosure increases a NOx concentration in exhaust from at least one combustion chamber, at least in part, by injecting fuel in a predetermined increased NOx generation sequence that includes a first injection during non-auto ignition conditions and a second injection during auto ignition conditions. At least a portion of the NOx is converted to ammonia by passing at least a portion of the exhaust with the increased NOx concentration over an ammonia-producing catalyst.

Abstract: A direct injection fuel injector includes a nozzle tip having a plurality of passages allowing fluid communication between an inner nozzle tip surface portion and an outer nozzle tip surface portion and directly into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. A first group of the passages have inner surface apertures located substantially in a first common plane. A second group of the passages have inner surface apertures located substantially in at least a second common plane substantially parallel to the first common plane. The second group has more passages than the first group.

Abstract: A direct injection fuel injector includes a nozzle tip having a plurality of passages allowing fluid communication between an inner nozzle tip surface portion and an outer nozzle tip surface portion and directly into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. A first group of the passages have inner surface apertures located substantially in a first common plane. A second group of the passages have inner surface apertures located substantially in at least a second common plane substantially parallel to the first common plane. The second group has more passages than the first group.

Abstract: A method of operating an internal combustion engine is provided. The method includes injecting a first fuel charge into at least one cylinder of the engine. The method further includes determining a value indicative of at least one of a cylinder pressure and a rate of change in cylinder pressure. The method further includes injecting a second fuel charge into the at least one cylinder, upon the occurrence of a predetermined contingency, which may be a determined cylinder pressure or rate in change thereof exceeding a predetermined threshold. An internal combustion engine is further provided, including an electronic controller having a control algorithm. The control algorithm includes software for determining a value indicative of at least one of a cylinder pressure and a rate of change in cylinder pressure of at least one cylinder of the engine.

Abstract: A direct injection fuel injector includes a nozzle tip having a plurality of passages allowing fluid communication between an inner nozzle tip surface portion and an outer nozzle tip surface portion and directly into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. A first group of the passages have inner surface apertures located substantially in a first common plane. A second group of the passages have inner surface apertures located substantially in at least a second common plane substantially parallel to the first common plane. The second group has more passages than the first group.

Abstract: A method of operating an engine system should produce relatively low concentrations of various emissions without compromising a desired power output of the system. In order to operate an engine system of the present disclosure, a predetermined total amount of fuel injected into at least one combustion chamber is apportioned into at least a first amount and a second amount of fuel. The first amount of fuel is injected into the at least one combustion chamber during non-auto ignition conditions. The second amount of fuel is injected into the at least one combustion chamber during auto-ignition conditions. When the engine system is in a mid-low engine load range, the second amount of fuel is one of equal to or less than 15% of the predetermined total amount of fuel. When the engine system is in a high engine load range, the second amount of fuel is greater than 15% of the predetermined total amount of fuel.

Abstract: A direct injection fuel injector includes a nozzle tip having a plurality of passages allowing fluid communication between an inner nozzle tip surface portion and an outer nozzle tip surface portion and directly into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. A first group of the passages have inner surface apertures located substantially in a first common plane. A second group of the passages have inner surface apertures located substantially in at least a second common plane substantially parallel to the first common plane. The second group has more passages than the first group.