Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining gas velocity, which includes generating transmitted radiation having an expected transmission frequency, detecting backscattered radiation, and determining gas velocity in dependence upon any Doppler shift of the frequency of the backscattered radiation, determining a transmission frequency of the transmitted radiation; detecting any difference between the measured transmission frequency and the expected transmission frequency and generating a feedback signal therefrom, and determining gas velocity using said feedback signal.

Abstract: An acousto-optic module is provided, including a number of partially coupled optical resonators distributed within a dielectric medium and at least one acoustic transducer mounted on a surface of the dielectric medium for injecting an acoustic wave into the optical resonators so as to diffract light passing therethrough by means of Bragg diffraction. This acousto-optic module has been applied in particular to an improved tuneable optical filter in which an acoustic shear wave is generated and which travels through the acousto-optic module in a direction substantially parallel with a polarized light signal passing therethrough. The acousto-optic module is also applied to an improved optical frequency shifter.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining gas velocity, which includes generating transmitted radiation having an expected transmission frequency, detecting backscattered radiation, and determining gas velocity in dependence upon any Doppler shift of the frequency of the backscattered radiation, determining a transmission frequency of the transmitted radiation; detecting any difference between the measured transmission frequency and the expected transmission frequency and generating a feedback signal therefrom, and determining gas velocity using said feedback signal.

Abstract: An acousto-optic module is provided, including a number of partially coupled optical resonators distributed within a dielectric medium and at least one acoustic transducer mounted on a surface of the dielectric medium for injecting an acoustic wave into the optical resonators so as to diffract light passing therethrough by means of Bragg diffraction. This acousto-optic module has been applied in particular to an improved tuneable optical filter in which an acoustic shear wave is generated and which travels through the acousto-optic module in a direction substantially parallel with a polarised light signal passing therethrough. The acousto-optic module is also applied to an improved optical frequency shifter.

Abstract: This invention relates to a gas velocity sensor such as an air velocity sensor for use on an aircraft such that the velocity of the aircraft can be determined. There is provided a gas velocity sensor comprising an electromagnetic radiation source operable to illuminate a gas; a photodetector operable to detect electromagnetic radiation scattered from the gas; an optical path linking the gas to the photodetector; an interferometer positioned on the optical path, the interferometer having an input for receiving electromagnetic radiation scattered by the gas and an output for producing an interference pattern when the interferometer is illuminated; and a spatial filter positioned on the optical path on the output side of the interferometer, the spatial filter having regions that are relatively transparent and relatively opaque that form a structure corresponding to an interference pattern produced by the interferometer.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for identifying a remote target (7; 7a) is described. The remote target (6; 6a) is illuminated with radiation (5; 5a) generated by a laser (1; 1a) and the radiation scattered by the target (6; 6a) is modulated in phase by the surface (6; 6a) vibrations of the target (7; 7a). A portion of the scattered radiation is collected by multiple optical receivers (8, 9, 10; 8a, 9a, 10a) and demodulated by a phase demodulator to generate a signal proportional to the vibrational displacement of the remote target (7; 7a). The radiation scattered by the remote target (7; 7a) will also include laser ‘speckle’, generated when radiation is scattered by a rough solid surface. This speckle can generate errors in the signal demodulated, which can in turn cause identification errors. Apparatus is disclosed where the signals generated are substantially unaffected by laser speckle, improving the accuracy of remote target identification.

Abstract: This invention relates to a gas velocity sensor such as an air velocity sensor for use on an aircraft such that the velocity of the aircraft can be determined. There is provided a gas velocity sensor comprising an electromagnetic radiation source operable to illuminate a gas; a photodetector operable to detect electromagnetic radiation scattered from the gas; an optical path linking the gas to the photodetector; an interferometer positioned on the optical path, the interferometer having an input for receiving electromagnetic radiation scattered by the gas and an output for producing an interference pattern when the interferometer is illuminated; and a spatial filter positioned on the optical path on the output side of the interferometer, the spatial filter having regions that are relatively transparent and relatively opaque that form a structure corresponding to an interference pattern produced by the interferometer.