Abstract: A system and method, in various embodiments, maintains a cryptographically protected ledger of transactions pertaining to enabling a property owner to require subsequent holders of interests in its property to verify the property owner's informed consent to any transaction that creates or created an interest in its property in any other party. The method may include receiving, at a computing device running an automated agent, a request from a property owner to prepare a record of a contract for verifying and authenticating title-modifying transactions according to a protective scheme included in the contract and a covenant recorded against the title of the real property, which are stored as digital records in a cryptographically protected ledger. A digital certificate is used to verify authenticity of the digital records and confirm consent to the title-modifying transaction.

Abstract: The disclosure encompasses in-line reactive condensation processes via vapor phase esterification of bio-oil to decease reactive species concentration and water content in the oily phase of a two-phase oil, thereby increasing storage stability and heating value. Esterification of the bio-oil vapor occurs via the vapor phase contact and subsequent reaction of organic acids with ethanol during condensation results in the production of water and esters. The pyrolysis oil product can have an increased ester content and an increased stability when compared to a condensed pyrolysis oil product not treated with an atomized alcohol.

Abstract: The disclosure encompasses in-line reactive condensation processes via vapor phase esterification of bio-oil to decease reactive species concentration and water content in the oily phase of a two-phase oil, thereby increasing storage stability and heating value. Esterification of the bio-oil vapor occurs via the vapor phase contact and subsequent reaction of organic acids with ethanol during condensation results in the production of water and esters. The pyrolysis oil product can have an increased ester content and an increased stability when compared to a condensed pyrolysis oil product not treated with an atomized alcohol.