Abstract: An invention is provided for conversion of methane into hydrocarbon fuels is disclosed. The invention includes providing methane to an illumination chamber, and illuminating the methane with substantially narrow bandwidth photons of a predefined wavelength. The photons are provided from a substantially uncollimated light source producing photon intensities less than 10 Watt/m2. As a result, the methane is placed in an excited state that results in the molecules of the methane reacting more readily with other molecules to form a final product.

Abstract: An invention is provided for conversion of methane into hydrocarbon fuels is disclosed. The invention includes providing methane to an illumination chamber, and illuminating the methane with substantially narrow bandwidth photons of a predefined wavelength. The photons are provided from a substantially uncollimated light source producing photon intensities less than 10 Watt/m2. As a result, the methane is placed in an excited state that results in the molecules of the methane reacting more readily with other molecules to form a final product.

Abstract: An invention is provided for authentication in a network environment. The invention includes displaying an authentication image on a display device, and generating a captured image by capturing an image using a client device. The image is captured through an optical element capable of rotating the image as viewed from the client device, such as a dove prism. The captured image then is analyzed to determine color band values of selected pixels of the captured image. Once analyzed, a comparison result is generated by comparing the color band values the selected pixels of the captured image to color band values of corresponding pixels of the authentication image. If the comparison result is within a predetermined threshold authentication is provided.

Abstract: An invention is provided for authentication in a network environment. The invention includes displaying an authentication image on a display device, and generating a captured image by capturing an image using a client device. The captured image then is analyzed to determine color band values of selected pixels of the captured image. Once analyzed, a comparison result is generated by comparing the color band values the selected pixels of the captured image to color band values of corresponding pixels of the authentication image. If the comparison result is within a predetermined threshold authentication is provided.

Abstract: An invention is provided for authentication in a network environment. The invention includes displaying an authentication image on a display device, and generating a captured image by capturing an image using a client device. The captured image then is analyzed to determine color band values of selected pixels of the captured image. Once analyzed, a comparison result is generated by comparing the color band values the selected pixels of the captured image to color band values of corresponding pixels of the authentication image. If the comparison result is within a predetermined threshold authentication is provided.

Abstract: An invention is provided for establishing the provenance of data, devices, and commands. The invention includes collecting contextual information characterizing a specific location during a first time period utilizing a contextual data collection device. A contextual location fingerprint is then created based on the collected contextual information. Later, such as when data is to be created and transferred to another system, new contextual information is collected at the location occupied by data to be verified during a second time period, such as during installation. A certificate of provenance is generated utilizing the collected new contextual information, and embedded into the data. Later, for example during installation, the information within the certificate of provenance is compared to the CLF, and authenticated if the information is within predefined parameters of the CLF.

Abstract: An invention is provided for molecular excitation via monochromatic light at a particular wavelength. The invention includes providing a chemical to an illumination chamber, and illuminating the chemical with monochromatic light of a predefined wavelength. As a result, the chemical is placed in an excitation state that results in the molecules of the chemical being more likely to react with other molecules. Thereafter the chemical is provided to a reaction chamber, wherein the molecules of the chemical bond with other molecules in a predefined manner.

Abstract: An invention is provided for system security and access based on multi-dimensional location characteristics. The invention includes collecting contextual information characterizing a specific location during a first time period utilizing a contextual data collection device (CDCD), wherein the contextual information indicates specific characteristics of the location and is collected at the location. Then, a contextual location fingerprint (CLF) is created based on the collected contextual information. In general, the CLF is a data space of values mapped over specific period of time. In operation, new contextual information is collected at a location occupied by a device to be verified during a second time period. The new contextual information then is compared to the CLF and authenticating the device fir the new contextual information is within predefined parameters of the CLF.

Abstract: An invention is provided for molecular excitation via monochromatic light at a particular wavelength. The invention includes providing a chemical to an illumination chamber, and illuminating the chemical with monochromatic light of a predefined wavelength. As a result, the chemical is placed in an excitation state that results in the molecules of the chemical being more likely to react with other molecules. Thereafter the chemical is provided to a reaction chamber, wherein the molecules of the chemical bond with other molecules in a predefined manner.

Abstract: An invention is provided for system security and access based on multi-dimensional location characteristics. The invention includes collecting contextual information characterizing a specific location during a first time period utilizing a contextual data collection device (CDCD), wherein the contextual information indicates specific characteristics of the location and is collected at the location. Then, a contextual location fingerprint (CLF) is created based on the collected contextual information. In general, the CLF is a data space of values mapped over specific period of time. In operation, new contextual information is collected at a location occupied by a device to be verified during a second time period. The new contextual information then is compared to the CLF and authenticating the device fir the new contextual information is within predefined parameters of the CLF.

Abstract: An invention is provided for a providing authentication in a network environment. current radio frequency (RF) measurement data is received from a client device, wherein the current RF measurement data is based on a measured effect of the intervening materials on RF signals received at the client device from a remote RF source. The received RF measurement data is compared with stored RF measurement data, which is acquired at a previous time and is based on a measured effect of the intervening materials on RF signals received at a specific space from a remote RF source. Authentication is provided based on the result of comparing the received RF measurement data with stored RF measurement data.

Abstract: An invention is provided for monitoring an item, such as a container. The invention includes a computer in communication with a receiver that receives signals from a remote source. A transmitter in communication with the computer receives values from the computer based on the signals received from the remote source. These values are then transmitted to a security device associated with the item, which includes an authentication table comprising a plurality of initial values. The security device then records values transmitted from the transmitter. The values can be jitter values, with each jitter value being a difference in arrival times of at least two timing signals from the same remote source.

Abstract: An invention is provided for monitoring an item, such as a container. The invention includes a computer in communication with a receiver that receives signals from a remote source. A transmitter in communication with the computer receives values from the computer based on the signals received from the remote source. These values are then transmitted to a security device associated with the item, which includes an authentication table comprising a plurality of initial values. The security device then records values transmitted from the transmitter. The values can be jitter values, with each jitter value being a difference in arrival times of at least two timing signals from the same remote source.

Abstract: An invention is provided for monitoring an item, such as a container. The invention includes a computer in communication with a receiver that receives signals from a remote source. A transmitter in communication with the computer receives values from the computer based on the signals received from the remote source. These values are then transmitted to a security device associated with the item, which includes an authentication table comprising a plurality of initial values. The security device then records values transmitted from the transmitter. The values can be jitter values, with each jitter value being a difference in arrival times of at least two timing signals from the same remote source.

Abstract: An invention for digital authentication is provided. A first timing signal is received from a remote source using a receiver. Next, a delay number is stored. The delay number is based on a first delay time period between when the first timing signal was transmitted and when the first timing signal was received. A digital transaction is then authenticated using the delay number. In one aspect, a digital certificate is created using the delay number. The remote source can be any source capable of generating timing signals, such as a global positioning satellite (GPS) system or a cell tower system. The delay in the timing signal can be caused by free electrons in a line of sight between the remote source and the receiver, such as by variations in atmospheric conditions or by an object within the line of sight such as bird or tree branch. Optionally, the delay number can be stored on a User Card and a System Card.

Abstract: An invention for electronic file protection using location and other entropy factors is provided. Environment information regarding a computer is obtained, wherein the environment information includes data concerning an operating environment of the computer. Based on the environment information, an encryption key is generated and an electronic file is encrypted using the encryption key. A decryption key can also be created based on environment information, wherein the decryption key can be utilized to decrypt the electronic file. In addition, the environment information can include location information of the computer, drive information regarding a drive wherein the electronic file will be stored, and time information specifying access duration.

Abstract: An invention for digital authentication is provided. A first timing signal is received from a remote source using a receiver. Next, a delay number is stored. The delay number is based on a first delay time period between when the first timing signal was transmitted and when the first timing signal was received. A digital transaction is then authenticated using the delay number. In one aspect, a digital certificate is created using the delay number. The remote source can be any source capable of generating timing signals, such as a global positioning satellite (GPS) system or a cell tower system. The delay in the timing signal can be caused by free electrons in a line of sight between the remote source and the receiver, such as by variations in atmospheric conditions or by an object within the line of sight such as bird or tree branch. Optionally, the delay number can be stored on a User Card and a System Card.

Abstract: A pizza mold and method for making a pizza includes a frame having a generally planar surface with one or more cavities extending across an extent of the frame. One cavity can be disposed at a location on the frame which corresponds to a desired configuration for the pizza. One or more cavities can in addition or alternatively extend across the frame in a desired geometric or fanciful configuration, such as an alpha-numeric character, cartoon character, etc. The dough is brought into contact with the frame either by forming the dough across the surface of the frame such that the dough covers the frame and is pressed into the cavities, or the dough can be located only within the cavities. In the former case, the frame is removed with the cavities imparting raised ridges of dough on the crust, while in the latter case the flat pizza pie can be formed separately and the frame inverted such that the dough in the frame is transferred onto the surface of the pie to impart the raised ridges of dough on the pie.

Abstract: A holographic storage system receives light having its linear polarization rotated from a reference linear polarization for carrying given information. The modulated light is stored as two distinct images in a photorefractive crystal, the images carrying the same information but being complementary projections of linear polarization rotations from the reference linear polarization in a given rotational sense. The images are stored in the same volume portion of the crystal. Upon readout, the two images are converted into modulated electrical signals. To reproduce the information, one of the modulated electrical signals is divided into the other modulated electrical signal. A function of square root of arc tangent is introduced into the signal processing at the output portion of the system.

Abstract: The holographic diffraction efficiencies of photorefractive or electro-optic crystals, such as bismuth silicon oxide (BSO), increase while experiencing high AC voltages. The diffraction efficiency also increases with frequency of the AC voltages up to a saturation frequency. These enhancements are attributed to the response times of the crystal and the superposition of internal electric fields. The enhanced diffraction efficiency assists in retentively recording information bearing holograms in electro-optic crystalline media.