Abstract: Methods of preventing or decreasing PEDv and/or Salmonella bacteria in animal feed, feed ingredients, and pet food are provided. The methods utilize generally safe chemical mitigants, such as medium chain fatty acids, essential oils, and sodium bisulfate. The chemical mitigants are introduced to the feed or feed ingredients at inclusion rates selected so as to prevent or decrease PEDv and/or Salmonella bacteria in the animal feed, feed ingredients, or pet rood. The methods are particularly suitable for use in post-processing treatment of animal feed, feed ingredients, or pet food that will be transported and stored for multiple days or weeks.

Abstract: In a single mode fiber under test a direct measurement of transmissive dispersion, such as of colors or polarizations, is produced. In the measurement of chromatic dispersion, light is modulated in amplitude by a first, high frequency signal and between one wavelength and another by a second, low frequency signal. Light transmitted through a fiber under test is received by a photodetector providing an output which is compared to the high frequency reference for phase by a first phase-sensitive detector. The amplitude modulated output of the first phase-sensitive detector is compared by a second phase-sensitive detector, preferably a lock-in amplifier to the low frequency reference signal to provide a signal indicative of transmissive dispersion. Other forms of dispersion, including polarization dispersion, may be measured. A source is modulated at a first, high frequency.