Abstract: A system, wearable device, and method include a light emitter configured to emit light at a first wavelength of between approximately 900 and 1000 nanometers and at a second wavelength of approximately 1350 nanometers, a first light detector spaced at a first distance from the light emitter, and a second light detector spaced at a second distance from the light emitter, the second distance approximately twice the first distance. At least one of hydration and glycogen of muscle tissue is determinable based on a relationship between backscatter light from the muscle tissue as detected by the second light detector and backscatter light from non-muscle tissue as detected by the first light detector.

Abstract: A system, wearable device, and method include a light emitter configured to emit light at a first wavelength of between approximately 900 and 1000 nanometers and at a second wavelength of approximately 1350 nanometers, a first light detector spaced at a first distance from the light emitter, and a second light detector spaced at a second distance from the light emitter, the second distance approximately twice the first distance. At least one of hydration and glycogen of muscle tissue is determinable based on a relationship between backscatter light from the muscle tissue as detected by the second light detector and backscatter light from non-muscle tissue as detected by the first light detector.

Abstract: A system, wearable device, and method include a light emitter configured to emit light at a first wavelength of between approximately 900 and 1000 nanometers and at a second wavelength of approximately 1350 nanometers, a first light detector spaced at a first distance from the light emitter, and a second light detector spaced at a second distance from the light emitter, the second distance approximately twice the first distance. At least one of hydration and glycogen of muscle tissue is determinable based on a relationship between backscatter light from the muscle tissue as detected by the second light detector and backscatter light from non-muscle tissue as detected by the first light detector.

Abstract: An electrostatic clamp (21) configured to hold an object, the electrostatic clamp comprising an electrode (24), a resistive portion (23) formed from a resistive material located on the electrode, and a dielectric portion (22) formed from a dielectric material located on the resistive portion.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for measuring a tissue parameter such as % StO2 in a tissue sample. One such method includes receiving first and second scattered light intensity signals at unique locations on a selected region of tissue from light injected into the region of tissue from a light source to identify a measured light attenuation data value. An electronic data store can be accessed that includes simulated light attenuation data determined from a mathematical tissue model at discrete points over a range of two or more tissue parameters, where the simulated light attenuation data are a function of one or more temperature-dependent light source spectra. The tissue parameter in the tissue sample can be determined by selecting a closest match between the measured light attenuation data and the simulated light attenuation data. An electronic signal representative of the determined tissue parameter can be sent to an output register.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for measuring a tissue parameter such as % StO2 in a tissue sample. One such method includes receiving first and second scattered light intensity signals at unique locations on a selected region of tissue from light injected into the region of tissue from a light source to identify a measured light attenuation data value. An electronic data store can be accessed that includes simulated light attenuation data determined from a mathematical tissue model at discrete points over a range of two or more tissue parameters, where the simulated light attenuation data are a function of one or more temperature-dependent light source spectra. The tissue parameter in the tissue sample can be determined by selecting a closest match between the measured light attenuation data and the simulated light attenuation data. An electronic signal representative of the determined tissue parameter can be sent to an output register.

Abstract: A spectrophotometric instrument is comprised of a processor, a probe having a tissue engaging surface with an aperture therethrough and a light source producing measurement light signals and optically coupled to the probe via a first optical path. A partially reflective first reflecting member is located in the probe and has a generally elliptical profile positioned to reflect a first portion of the measurement light signals to the tissue aperture and to transmit a second portion of the measurement light signals through the first reflecting member. A second reflecting member is located in the probe and has a generally elliptical profile positioned to reflect the measurement light signals transmitted through the first reflecting member. A second optical path has a distal end positioned to receive the measurement light signals reflected off of the second reflecting member and a proximal end coupled to the processor.

Abstract: An optical connector comprises a first block having a channel for accommodating a first set of optical cables and a second block having a channel for accommodating a second set of optical cables. Each block has three protrusions, each adapted to be engaged to a respective one of the three protrusions from the other block in an end-to-end fashion and having a channel for accommodating one of the optical cables. The connector further comprises a spring biasing the two blocks to maintain the end-to-end engagement a longitudinal direction between the protrusions three spacers. The connector also includes limiter disk having three slots arranged in a Y-pattern, each slot width-wise closely fitting an opposing pair of the protrusions. The limiter disk thus constrains the relative shifting or rotation between the two blocks in any direction transverse to the longitudinal direction. The connector further includes a fastener attached to the two blocks for securing the two blocks together.

Abstract: A light source for use in a spectrometer. A reflector is formed with a parabolic holed formed therein. A light emitting diode is placed in the parabolic hole. In the case where multiple LEDs are used in the light source, central axis through each of the parabolic holes are aligned so as to coincide a predetermined location. With LEDs in the parabolic holes, the light emitted will be focused on the predetermined location.

Abstract: An apparatus for welding and cutting a film of single-layer or multi-layer synthetic material includes two jaws which are movable relative to one another. One of the jaws has a welding contact zone which includes a strip which has a groove of substantially v-shaped cross-section separating a pair of wings parallel to the edge of the corresponding jaw. The other of the jaws is equipped with a means for cutting the film which includes a wire of circular cross-section projecting relative to the edge of the jaw which supports it, so that the wire and the groove can interact with one another to make the cut as the weld is performed by the wings of welding strip.