Abstract: A device for controlling a characteristic of an image signal superimposed on a specimen image includes: a main optical system configured to refract light emitted from a specimen into a main beam path; a superimposition apparatus in a fixed relationship to the main optical system, configured to generate the image signal; a superimposing reflector configured to reflect the image signal generated by the superimposition apparatus into the main beam path and to superimpose the image signal onto the specimen image; an image measurement unit in a fixed relationship to the main optical system configured to measure a characteristic of the specimen image; and a controller configured to adjust a characteristic of the image signal generated by the superimposition apparatus in response to a measurement by the image measurement unit. The characteristic of the specimen image and the characteristic of the image signal may be brightness, color, or contrast.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method and an apparatus for automatically focusing an optical device onto a specific and predetermined region of a specimen. The apparatus compares signals corresponding to the vertical distance between a principal objective and a region of a specimen which is in focus to the vertical distance between the principal objective and a target region on the specimen. If the comparison of the distances indicates that they are not the same, the system automatically alters the distance between the specimen and the principal objective so that the target region is properly focused.

Abstract: A stereomicroscope has a left and a right stereo radiation path and an adjusting device for selecting a stereo base. A main lens is arranged between an object to be observed and the adjusting device, which may be designed as an opto-mechanical switching device. The arrangement allows an integrated structure with low light losses.

Abstract: A stereomicroscope has a left and a right stereo radiation path and an adjusting device for selecting a stereo base. A main lens is arranged between an object to be observed and the adjusting device, which may be designed as an opto-mechanical switching device. The arrangement allows an integrated structure with low light losses.

Abstract: The invention relates to enhanced telemeasuring involving the use of laser beams which are initially directed onto a lens (18) in a parallel beam path and which are bundled by the lens (18) into focus. If the object plane is not located in focal point (A), two laser illuminated points (P) can be seen on the object plane. If these laser illuminated points are additionally coded, e.g. in the form of a horizontal or vertical line by corresponding additional lenses or masks in front of the lens (18), images of markings can be obtained. A time coding could also be included so that, for example, one time-delayed laser illuminates after another. The distance between both laser illuminated points serves a measure for the distance of the main lens (18) from the object plane, whereby this measure is computationally dependent upon the focal range of the lens (18) and the stereoscopic basis of both illumination sources in front of the lens (18).

Abstract: A microscope is disclosed for observing a magnified area. Fade-in means arranged in the path of the rays of the microscope reflect a thin focused beam of light into the path of the rays. The beam of light is deflected or modulated by deflecting means to supply an image that can be recognized by an observer. The image may be projected onto the object either directly or indirectly, for example through a diffusing screen.

Abstract: A method for determining a position of a microscope (1) in space is disclosed. In image detecting unit (3) is fixed to the microscope. In an operating state, the image detecting unit detects a field of view of the microscope from an angle to an optical axis (2) and is connected to a computer which is equipped with an image recognition program and with comparison data for determination of the position of the microscope with respect to the field of view.

Abstract: A stereomicroscope has a left and a right stereo radiation path and an adjusting device for selecting a stereo base. A main lens is arranged between an object to be observed and the adjusting device, which may be designed as an opto-mechanical switching device. The arrangement allows an integrated structure with low light losses.

Abstract: An arrangement for determining the position of a surgical microscope uses signal transmitters and signal receivers. Light emitting diodes that emit coded light signals and light receptors for receiving the coded light signals are arranged in various locations in space. Reflectors having narrow-bond reflection characteristics are arranged on the microscope so that the light reflected can be identified.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of determining measurement-point position data and a device for measuring the magnification of an optical beam path. In the method described, a laser beam is inserted via an insertion element (32a) into the beam path of a microscope. At the end of this beam path, a beam splitter (4c) splits the laser beam off again and directs it on to a position sensor (45a). The point at which the measurement beam is incident depends on the magnification of the beam path optics (8, 13). The final value of the magnification can thus be simply determined. The value of the magnification is important for the user in order to enable the user to make a definite assessment of the area observed. Also described are various related developments and details of the invention.

Abstract: A stereomicroscope has light beams of two separate radiation paths passing through two partial pupils directed into a common lens system by at least two mirrors arranged on the level of the pupils. The partial beams are superimposed with the partial pupils spatially separated at the level of the pupils. A separating device with at least one movable diaphragm or at least one tilted mirror, stationary or adjustable along a common axis, provides undistorted images from both partial beams toward at least one image pick-up device. The movable diaphragm shields the partial beams alternately at the level of one of the pupils or the tilted mirror is arranged at the level of the pupils so that both partial beams can be retransmitted separately.

Abstract: A stereomicroscope has a left and a right stereo radiation path and adjusting means for selecting a stereo base. The main lens is arranged between an object to be observed and the adjusting means, which are preferably designed as opto-mechanical switching means. This arrangement allows an integrated structure with low light losses to be obtained.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a surgical microscope in which, to determine the distance between the microscope (8, 13) and the object (22), the travel time of a beam of light (57c) emanating from the microscope and reflected by the object is determined. The travel time is determined by phase measurement or by interference matching. In the case of direct phase measurement, modulated light is used. In the case of interference matching, partly coherent light is used. In order to ensure high accuracy over wide measurement range, the two measurement methods are preferably used in combination.