Abstract: Embodiments described herein relate generally to devices, apparatuses, and systems with embedded electrodes for rowing, maintaining, and/or using 3D tissues in vitro. The devices, apparatuses, and systems described herein can provide scalable, automated tissue stimulation.

Abstract: A method includes increasing or decreasing a temperature of an oximeter device by cycling oximetry measurements and temperature adjustment at a predetermined frequency. During temperature adjustment, power supplied to LEDs of the oximeter device may be modulated to heat or cool the oximeter device if the oximetry device is above a temperature setpoint or below the temperature setpoint. After the device is heated to the temperature setpoint an oximetry measurement is made using the LED to illuminate patient tissue, detected the light from the tissue after illumination, and determining oximetry information for the tissue. Using the LED for heating and oximetry measurements reduces electronic components of the device improves reliability from the reduction of electronic components. The device can also not power the LEDs to allow the device to cool if the temperature is above the temperature setpoint.

Abstract: An improved multi-channel demodulator is provided. The improved demodulator includes an automatic gain control, a data buffer and a demodulation engine. Data from various RF channels are processed by the automatic gain control in order to keep the data at their respective constant levels. Output from the automatic gain control is passed to the data buffer for storage. Corresponding data from a selected channel is then processed by the demodulation engine. The improved demodulator is able to operate in any one of three operating modes, namely, a data processing mode, a channel switching mode and a waiting mode. In the data processing mode, the demodulation engine processes the channel data that is currently loaded into the demodulation engine. In the channel switching mode, the demodulation engine stores the current channel data into the data buffer and retrieves and loads channel data from another channel for processing.

Abstract: A system for implementing a base band compression scheme for a nonlinear multiplying up-converter for QPSK and OQPSK includes a bit combining module, a quadrant remap module, a look-up table (LUT) and a zoom adjust module. The bit combining module is configured to generate an address based on a number of symbols received as input data. Using the address provided by the bit combining module, the quadrant remap module remaps symbols from quadrants “2”, “3” and “4” to quadrant “1” and generates signals to look up corresponding output data from the LUT. The zoom adjust module generates a number of solutions corresponding to the input data using the corresponding output data retrieved from the LUT. The zoom adjust module is then used to select the best output from the solutions to provide a smooth output signal that does not have any discontinuities.

Abstract: A system for providing adaptive timing recovery is provided. In an exemplary embodiment, the system includes a fractional resampler, an error function module and a loop filter, arranged collectively to form a timing recovery loop. In an initial mode, the error function module compares the output of the fractional resampler with a reference signal to determine an error, if any. An error signal is generated accordingly based on the error. The error signal is then provided to the loop filter allowing the loop filter to generate a correction signal. The correction signal is provided to the fractional resampler to allow the fractional resampler to generate an output which minimizes the error. When the error function module determines that the error is within an acceptable range, i.e., a timing lock is achieved, the system goes into a steady mode. In the steady mode, the error function module is directed to execute at a slower rate.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for generating sinusoidal signals in quadrature. A numerically controlled oscillator includes a phase accumulator configured to generate a periodic multi-bit signal at a given frequency; a first memory configured to store an octant of a sinusoidal waveform; a second memory configured to store a complementary octant of the sinusoidal waveform; and a control circuit, responsive to at least a portion of the phase accumulator signal and coupled to the first and second memories, the control circuit configured to access the first and second memories in parallel and construct respective sine and cosine waves at the given frequency.