Abstract: The disclosure provides methods for identifying coronavirus cross-reacting antibodies. Such antibodies bind to at least part of the S2 ectodomain of the S protein of at least one common human coronavirus selected from HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-229E and HCoV-HKU1 and bind to at least part of the S2 ectodomain of the S protein of at least one highly pathogenic human coronavirus selected from SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Antibodies identified by the methods described herein are particularly useful for treating or preventing coronaviral infections, in particular against highly pathogenic coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV and/or SARS-CoV-2 as well as cross-species transmission of typically non-human coronaviruses.

Abstract: The invention relates to the fields of molecular biology, medicine, virology and vaccine development. Because the different forms of the presently available vaccines all have their specific drawbacks, there is a need for alternative vaccine strategies. The current invention provides means and methods for such alternative vaccine strategies.

Abstract: The invention relates to the fields of molecular biology, medicine, virology and vaccine development. Because the different forms of the presently available vaccines all have their specific drawbacks, there is a need for alternative vaccine strategies. The current invention provides means and methods for such alternative vaccine strategies.