Abstract: A multi layer interconnecting substrate has at least two spaced apart metal layers with a conductive pad on each one of the metal layers. Two different types of insulating layers are placed between the metal layers. The placement is such that one of the two different types of insulating layers is placed between the conductive pads and the other type of insulating layer is placed between the two spaced apart metal layers.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes positioning a first signal pad in a first layer of a printed circuit board and positioning a second signal pad in a second layer of the printed circuit board. The second signal pad is positioned to form an embedded capacitance between the first signal pad and the second signal pad. The embedded capacitance between the first signal pad and the second signal pad is configured to carry a signal between the first layer and the second layer absent a signal via.

Abstract: A multi layer interconnecting substrate has at least two spaced apart metal layers with a conductive pad on each one of the metal layers. Two different types of insulating layers are placed between the metal layers. The placement is such that one of the two different types of insulating layers is placed between the conductive pads and the other type of insulating layer is placed between the two spaced apart metal layers.

Abstract: A multi layer interconnecting substrate has at least two spaced apart metal layers with a conductive pad on each one of the metal layers. Two different types of insulating layers are placed between the metal layers. The placement is such that one of the two different types of insulating layers is placed between the conductive pads and the other type of insulating layer is placed between the two spaced apart metal layers.

Abstract: A multi layer interconnecting substrate has at least two spaced apart metal layers with a conductive pad on each one of the metal layers. Two different types of insulating layers are placed between the metal layers. The placement is such that one of the two different types of insulating layers is placed between the conductive pads and the other type of insulating layer is placed between the two spaced apart metal layers.

Abstract: A multi layer interconnecting substrate has at least two spaced apart metal layers with a conductive pad on each one of the metal layers. Two different types of insulating layers are placed between the metal layers. The placement is such that one of the two different types of insulating layers is placed between the conductive pads and the other type of insulating layer is placed between the two spaced apart metal layers.

Abstract: A multi layer interconnecting substrate has at least two spaced apart metal layers with a conductive pad on each one of the metal layers. Two different types of insulating layers are placed between the metal layers. The placement is such that one of the two different types of insulating layers is placed between the conductive pads and the other type of insulating layer is placed between the two spaced apart metal layers.

Abstract: A multi layer interconnecting substrate has at least two spaced apart metal layers with a conductive pad on each one of the metal layers. Two different types of insulating layers are placed between the metal layers. The placement is such that one of the two different types of insulating layers is placed between the conductive pads and the other type of insulating layer is placed between the two spaced apart metal layers.

Abstract: A multi layer interconnecting substrate has at least two spaced apart metal layers with a conductive pad on each one of the metal layers. Two different types of insulating layers are placed between the metal layers. The placement is such that one of the two different types of insulating layers is placed between the conductive pads and the other type of insulating layer is placed between the two spaced apart metal layers.

Abstract: A methodology to determine a bit pattern that may excite a worse case or near worse case simultaneous switching noise on a memory or input/output (IO) interface of a digital system is provided. This methodology involves determining an impedance profile of the IO interface of the digital system. The amplitude response of signal X(f) may be matched in the impedance profile of the IO interface. The phase response of the signal X(f) is also set. The signal X(f) having a matched amplitude response may be converted from a frequency domain signal to a time domain signal to produce a signal X(t). Signal X(t) the time domain signal X(t) may be digitized to represent a bit stream B(t).