Abstract: Disclosed herein are spinal fixtures, a robotic system including the spinal fixtures, and related methods for performing spinal procedures including fixing and tracking fixture devices to register patient anatomy in a three-dimensional tracking space.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are spinal fixtures, a robotic system including the spinal fixtures, and related methods for performing spinal procedures including fixing and tracking fixture devices to register patient anatomy in a three-dimensional tracking space.

Abstract: A 2D x-ray system includes an x-ray illumination system constructed to illuminate an object with an x-ray beam, a detection system arranged to receive at least a portion of said x-ray beam after passing through at least a portion of said object, and a system for registering a 2D x-ray image to a 3D x-ray image. The system includes a computer processor and computer memory that includes non-transient code, which when executed by said computer processor causes the computer processor to perform a method that includes generating multiple 2D projection images from a 3D x-ray image of the object, and registering said 2D x-ray image to one of said 2D projection images. Said registering uses a similarity metric that is differentially weighted to affect an influence of at least one of low-contrast or high-contrast structures on the registering between said 2D x-ray image and each of said 2D projection images.