Abstract: A method for introducing hydroxyl groups into vitamin D compound at the 1.alpha.- and/or 25-positions in the presence of a cyclodextrin compound by the use of a reaction mixture containing a microorganism being capable of hydroxylating vitamin D compound or a enzyme produced from the microorganism, is disclosed.

Abstract: A DNA fragment or a restriction enzyme-digested DNA fragment, the DNA fragment containing a gene, acyA, encoding a 3-acylation enzyme for macrolide antibiotics, characterized by being derived from a strain belonging to the genus Streptomyces, having a size of about 1.8 kb or about 3.2 kb, and having a DNA base sequence shown in a restriction enzyme map shown in FIG. 1(A) or FIG. 1(B), respectively, in the attached drawing. 3-Acylated macrolide antibiotics can be produced advantageously using macrolide antibiotics-producing bacteria transformed with vector plasmids having inserted therein the DNA fragment.

Abstract: A DNA fragment containing acyB gene coding for an enzyme capable of acylating the 4"-position of a macrolide antibiotic, said DNA fragment being derived from a microorganism of the genus Streptomyces, having a size of about 3.1 kb and being characterized by the restriction endonuclease map shown in FIG. 1 , and a DNA restriction fragment resulting from digestion with a restriction endonuclease; a recombinant DNA plasmid containing this DNA fragment; a microorganism transformed with this recombinant plasmid; and a process for producing a 4"-acylated macrolide antibiotic by using the transformant.

Abstract: Antibiotic Mer-AF1032A represented by the following formula (I) and its isomer antibiotic Mer-AF1032B are disclosed. Also disclosed are a method for preparing the antibiotics comprising the cultivation of a strain belonging to genus Penicillium and a pharmaceutical composition comprising one of these antibiotics and useful as an antifungal agent.

Abstract: 4-Hydroxypyridine derivative represented by the following formula ##STR1## wherein R represents a methyl group or an isopropyl group, and the method for preparing the derivative comprising the step of cultivating a strain belonging to Streptomyces karnatakensis are disclosed. Also disclosed are the pharmaceutical composition comprising the same and a method for treating circulatory diseases comprising the step of administering said compound to a patient.

Abstract: Adriamycin derivatives represented by formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R denotes a divalent hydrocarbon group,CD denotes a cyclodextrin residue,m is 1 to 8, andn is 0 to 8.The compounds exhibit excellent anti-cancer activity over a wide administration range, have low toxicity and sustained release, and maintain activity for a long period of time; thus, they are quite useful as an anti-cancer agent.

Abstract: A process for producing 2-azetidinone derivatives represented by formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 denotes a protecting group of a hydroxyl group,Z denotes a hydrogen atom or a protecting group of an amino group, andQ denotes ##STR2## in which X denotes a halogen atom, Y denotes a halogen atom or OR.sup.2, R.sup.2 denotes a hydrogen atom or a protecting group of a carboxyl group, and Y.sup.2 denotes OR.sup.3 or SR.sup.4 in which R.sup.3 denotes a hydrogen atom, a protecting group of a carboxyl group or an ester residue and R.sup.4 denotes an ester residue.

Abstract: An angolamycin derivative represented by the following formula ##STR1## wherein X represents an acetyl, methanesulfonyl, methylthio, benzoyl or methoxy group. This compound is useful as a medicament such as antibacterial agent and an animal feed additive.

Abstract: This invention provides a blood typing training kit comprising a red blood cell model and an antiserum model with no use of human blood in experiments for blood agglutination and in learning of blood typing, the red blood cell model being an easily available granule which can be suspended in water such as agarose bead, Sepharose, cellulose, Sephadex, cellulofine, alginate, tamarind polysaccharide, gelatin, xanthan gum, etc. or the saccharide- or protein-bound form thereof and the antiserum model being lectin, boric acid-containing liquid or immunoglobulin G.

Abstract: 14-Trifluoromethanesulfonyloxydaunomycin represented by the following formula ##STR1## and its salt. This compound is useful as an intermediate for production of adriamycin.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing an antibiotic D788-7 wherein, after culturing carborubicin-producing bacteria, the obtained culture liquid is extracted in acidic conditions while stirring to be absorbed to synthetic resin, followed by desorption from the resin and elution with acetone and the resulting acetone solution containing carborubicin is converted into an antibiotic D788-7 by photo radiation, for obtaining D788-7 in the purified form from the reaction solution. The production yield for D788-7 is extremely high and its use as an antitumor agent can be made possible.

Abstract: Tylosin derivatives represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## [wherein R denotes a hydrogen atom, acetyl, propionyl or a radical of Si(R.sup.2).sub.3 (in which R.sup.2 is a lower alkyl group), and R.sup.1 stands for a hydrogen atom or a radical of Si(R.sup.2 .sub.3 ] are useful as intermediates for the synthesis of 4"-acyl derivatives of tylosin because, after introduction of any desired acyl group at the 4"-hydroxyl group, the silyl protective group can be readily removed without liberation of the acyl group. This invention also provides processes for producing the tylosin derivatives. More specifically, it provides a melthod of selectively protecting 2'- and 4"'-hydroxyl groups of tylosin (those of higher reactivity among the hydroxyl groups involved); a method of selectively protecting only the 4"'-hydroxyl group of tylosin; a method of selectively protecting the 3- and 4"'-hydroxyl groups of 2'-O-acyltylosin; and a method of protecting 3-, 2'- and 4"'-hydroxyl groups of tylosin.

Abstract: Disclosed are anthracycline antibiotics of a formula (I): ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are hydroxyl groups, R.sup.3 is ethyl group, R.sup.4 is methoxycarbonyl group and X represents daunosamine-rhodenose or daunosamine-deoxyfucose; orR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are hydroxyl groups, R.sup.3 is 1-hydroxyethyl group, R.sup.4 is hydrogen atom and X represents daunosamine-rhodenose or daunosamine-deoxyfucose; orR.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 are hydroxyl groups, R.sup.3 is ethyl group and X represents daunosamine-rhodenose, daunosamine-deoxyfucose, rhodosamine-rhodenose, N-monomethyldaunosamine-rhodenose or N-monomethyldaunosamine-deoxyfucose; orR.sup.1 is methoxy group, R.sup.2 is hydroxyl group, R.sup.3 is ethyl group, R.sup.4 is methoxycarbonyl group and X represents daunosamine-rhodenose or daunosamine-deoxyfucose; orR.sup.1 and R.sup.4 are hydroxy groups, R.sup.2 is hydrogen atom, R.sup.

Abstract: Novel tylosin derivatives are represented by formula: ##STR1## wherein R represents a hydrogen atom, an acetyl group or a propionyl group; X represents a group --CO-- or --SO.sub.2 --; Y represents a fluorine atom, an acetyl group, a methanesulfonyl group, a methylthio group, a benzoyl group or a methoxy group bound to the benzyl group at the 2-position or 4-position; and Z represents a hydrogen atom or a D-mycinose residue: ##STR2## The tylosin derivatives which are antibiotics of macrolide type provide improved antibacterial activity and improved ability of absorption and excretion in vivo.

Abstract: Compounds of the following general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent a hydrogen atom or a lower alkanoyl group;R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom or the group --COCH.sub.2 R.sup.5 in which R.sup.5 represents a lower alkyl group or an aryl or pyridyl group bonded through a sulfur atom;R.sup.4 represents a methyl group which may be substituted by aryl, pyridyl, pyridylthio, hydroxyl or arylthioamino, an aryl group, a nitrile group, a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic group having 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from nitrogen and sulfur atoms, or a tetrahydropyranyl group which may be substituted by methoxy;A represents the group --OCO--, --OSO.sub.2 --, --O-- or --S--, or A and R.sup.4, taken together, represent a halogen atom, a nitrile group or a group of the formula ##STR2## in which R.sup.

Abstract: A compound represented by the following formula ##STR1## wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or an ester residue, andR.sup.2 and R.sup.3 represent hydrogen atoms respectively, or taken together, a group of the formula ##STR2## in which each of R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a phenyl group,and its salt; and a process for the production thereof.

Abstract: A compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom, --OH or --OSO.sub.3 H, and R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom or an unsubstituted or substituted benzyl group; and a salt thereof; processes for production thereof by fermentation; and uses thereof as antimicrobial agents.

Abstract: A number of 4"-acyl derivatives of tylosin and acetyltylosin which are prepared by first protectively acylating at the 2'-hydroxyl group of tylosin or acetyltylosin, secondly at the 4'"-hydroxyl group thereof, thirdly at the 4"-hydroxyl group thereof and finally deacylating the 2'- and 4'"-acyl groups to produce new 4"-acyl derivatives of tylosin or acetyltylosin which effect high blood level compared to those tylosin derivatives heretofore are disclosed.

Abstract: New tylosin derivatives having at least one acyl group at the 3- and 4"-positions of tylosin, and the acid addition salts thereof, which inhibit the growth of various microorganisms including drug-resistant bacterial isolants and which produce high blood levels through oral administration are produced by a biochemical reaction using the microorganisms of the genus Streptomyces which are selected for their newly-found ability to acylate at least one of the 3- and 4"-positions of macrolide antibiotics; they are recovered from the reacted mixture by conventional methods for recovering macrolide antibiotics.

Abstract: New tylosin derivatives having at least one acyl group at the 3- and 4"-positions of tylosin, and the acid addition salts thereof, which inhibit the growth of various microorganisms including drug-resistant bacterial isolants and which produce high blood levels through oral administration are produced by a biochemical reaction using the microorganisms of the genus Streptomyces which are selected for their newly-found ability to acylate at least one of the 3- and 4"-positions of macrolide antibiotics; they are recovered from the reacted mixture by conventional methods for recovering macrolide antibiotics.