Abstract: An apparatus is provided which comprises: a bi-directional switch; and a comparator coupled to the bi-directional switch, the comparator having: a first input coupled to a first terminal of the bi-directional switch; a second input coupled to a second terminal of the bi-directional switch; and an output coupled to a body or substrate of the bi-directional switch.

Abstract: A system and a method of transmitting data via data networks. A bidirectional data connection is created even behind firewalls, including from a client not visible to a server in the Internet. In the method and system, a first connection request for establishing a first transmission channel is sent to a server of an automation system from a first data processing device of a client via a data connection. This request is answered by the server via a second transmission channel. The data connection is kept permanently open, thereby allowing mutually time-independent bidirectional sending and receiving of data between the client and the server, via at least one data network. A COM automatic marshaller which incorporates itself into the communications chain between the client and the server is provided.

Abstract: A system and a method of transmitting data via data networks. A bi-directional data connection is created even behind firewalls, including from a client not visible to a server in the Internet. In the method and system, a first connection request for establishing a first transmission channel is sent to a server of an automation system from a first data processing device of a client via a data connection. This request is answered by the server via a second transmission channel. The data connection is kept permanently open, thereby allowing mutually time-independent bi-directional sending and receiving of data between the client and the server, via at least one data network. A COM automatic marshaller which incorporates itself into the communications chain between the client and the server is provided.

Abstract: A method and associated system for controlling and monitoring a technical installation (M1, M2), which is assigned at least one regional control area (OA1, OA2), uses a universal, mobile control and monitoring module (MU) and includes three steps. In a first step, the current position of the mobile control and monitoring module (MU) is determined by means of positioning signals. In a second step, the mobile control and monitoring module (MU) is assigned to a technical installation (M1, M2), if the current position of the mobile control and monitoring module lies within the regional control area (OA1, OA2) of that technical installation (M1, M2). In a third step, HMI data of the technical installation (M1, M2) is loaded into the assigned mobile control and monitoring module (MU). The assignment of the universal, mobile control and monitoring module (MU) to the technical installation (M1, M2) is not fixed or permanent, but only temporary.

Abstract: A receiving amplifier includes a semiconductor body with a first node, a second node and an amplifier circuit. The amplifier includes at least one field-effect transistor, a first input, and a second input. A capacitive element is arranged between the inputs of the amplifier circuit, and a tuned circuit whose resonant frequency can be tuned is connected upstream of the amplifier circuit and contains a variable-capacitance element that is connected in parallel with the element in the amplifier circuit. Two inductive elements are also provided, wherein the first inductive element is connected to the first node and the second inductive element is connected to the second node. This results in a series tuned circuit, which leads to a voltage increase at the resonant frequency, and results in an improved signal-to-noise ratio for a signal which is supplied to the receiving amplifier.

Abstract: OPC data is transmitted via data networks, in particular the Internet. A bi-directional data connection via the Internet in both directions is enabled even across firewalls and starting from an OPC client, which is not visible as a server on the Internet. To achieve this, a first connection request for establishing a first transmission channel is sent from a first data processing device of an OPC client, via a data connection, to an OPC server of an automation system. The OPC server responds to the request using a second transmission channel. The data connection is thus kept open permanently, allowing data to be sent and received bi-permanently, allowing data to be sent and received bi-directionally, the operations being temporally independent of each other, between the OPC client and the OPC server by at least one data network, in particular, the Internet.

Abstract: A receiving amplifier includes a semiconductor body with a first node, a second node and an amplifier circuit. The amplifier includes at least one field-effect transistor, a first input, and a second input. A capacitive element is arranged between the inputs of the amplifier circuit, and a tuned circuit whose resonant frequency can be tuned is connected upstream of the amplifier circuit and contains a variable-capacitance element that is connected in parallel with the element in the amplifier circuit. Two inductive elements are also provided, wherein the first inductive element is connected to the first node and the second inductive element is connected to the second node. This results in a series tuned circuit, which leads to a voltage increase at the resonant frequency, and results in an improved signal-to-noise ratio for a signal which is supplied to the receiving amplifier.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for operating and monitoring a production process and for filing process data for a historian system, the operating and monitoring functionality and the historian functionality being integrated in a single system. A historian database is used for storing process data. The production process and data filed for the long term can be accessed in one system. The process data has to be collected only once by the respective devices. The historian system takes advantage of the redundancy of the operating and monitoring system, special multiplexer components transparently covering up underlying systems. The inventive system is internet compatible and can be used by any clients. Commercially available historian clients can be used in internet scenarios by remoting the database interfaces.

Abstract: A method and associated system for controlling and monitoring a technical installation (M1, M2), which is assigned at least one regional control area (OA1, OA2), uses a universal, mobile control and monitoring module (MU) and includes three steps. In a first step, the current position of the mobile control and monitoring module (MU) is determined by means of positioning signals. In a second step, the mobile control and monitoring module (MU) is assigned to a technical installation (M1, M2), if the current position of the mobile control and monitoring module lies within the regional control area (OA1, OA2) of that technical installation (M1, M2). In a third step, HMI data of the technical installation (M1, M2) is loaded into the assigned mobile control and monitoring module (MU). The assignment of the universal, mobile control and monitoring module (MU) to the technical installation (M1, M2) is not fixed or permanent, but only temporary.

Abstract: OPC data is transmitted via data networks, in particular the Internet. A bi-directional data connection via the Internet in both directions, is enabled even across firewalls and starting from an OPC client, which is not visible as a server on the Internet. To achieve this, a first connection request for establishing a first transmission channel is sent from a first data processing device of an OPC client, via a data connection, to an OPC server of an automation system. The OPC server responds to the request using a second transmission channel. The data connection is thus kept open permanently, allowing data to be sent and received bi-permanently, allowing data to be sent and received bi-directionally, said operations being temporally independent of each other, between the OPC client and the OPC server by at least one data network, in particular, the Internet.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system and a method for transmitting data via data networks, especially via the Internet. The aim of the invention is to create a bi-directional data connection even behind firewalls, via Internet in both directions, including from a client (1) not visible as a server in the Internet. To this end, the invention provides a method or a system in which a first connection request for establishing a first transmission channel (6a, 7a, 8a) is sent to a server (4) of an automation system (5) from a first data processing device (1) of a client (1) via a data connection (6, 7, 8). This request is answered by the server (4) via a second transmission channel (6b, 7b, 8b). The data connection (6, 7, 8) is kept permanently open, hereby allowing mutually time-independent bi-directional sending and receiving of data between the client (1) and the server (4), via at least one data network, especially via the Internet.

Abstract: A frequency synthesizer for generating an oscillator signal with a desired frequency includes a first phase locked loop and a second phase locked loop, which is connected in a cascaded manner to the first phase locked loop, such that the second phase locked loop receives, as a reference frequency, a frequency generated by the first phase locked loop. The second phase locked loop outputs the desired oscillator signal at the output of a divider provided in the feedback path of the second phase locked loop. A method of supplying a mixing oscillator signal to a mixer is also provided.

Abstract: A frequency synthesizer for generating an oscillator signal with a desired frequency includes a first phase locked loop and a second phase locked loop, which is connected in a cascaded manner to the first phase locked loop, such that the second phase locked loop receives, as a reference frequency, a frequency generated by the first phase locked loop. The second phase locked loop outputs the desired oscillator signal at the output of a divider provided in the feedback path of the second phase locked loop. A method of supplying a mixing oscillator signal to a mixer is also provided.