Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for starting an internal combustion engine for a motor vehicle, wherein the internal combustion engine has an associated electrical machine (1) which is operated as a starter/generator. During starting, the electrical machine (1) is supplied with a voltage which is obtained from addition or from subtraction of the voltages which are produced on a first energy store (3) and the voltages which are produced on a second energy store (4).

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for starting an internal combustion engine for a motor vehicle, wherein the internal combustion engine has an associated electrical machine (1) which is operated as a starter/generator. During starting, the electrical machine (1) is supplied with a voltage which is obtained from addition or from subtraction of the voltages which are produced on a first energy store (3) and the voltages which are produced on a second energy store (4).

Abstract: A drive system for a motor vehicle includes an internal combustion engine and a transmission. The internal combustion engine has an associated driveshaft, the transmission has an associated transmission shaft, and the driveshaft and the transmission shaft are connected to one another. A free installation space is provided between the internal combustion engine and the transmission in the direction of the driveshaft and, respectively, of the transmission shaft. The internal combustion engine has an associated electric machine which can be operated as a starter/generator. The electric machine has an associated power electronics unit which is arranged in the free installation space.

Abstract: 1. Internal combustion engine comprising a gas conveying system and operating method therefor. 2.1 The invention proposes an internal combustion engine (1) having a gas conveying system with a turbine (7) which can be driven by an airstream and a pump (8) which can be driven by the turbine (7) and by means of which gas can be fed to the exhaust system (3, 4, 5), as well as an operating method therefor. 2.2. According to the invention, when the internal combustion engine (1) is starting up, the quantity of fuel injected into it is set as a function of the delivery capacity of the pump (8). 2.3. Use in motor vehicles, in particular in passenger cars having an internal combustion engine with fuel injection.

Abstract: In a method for making it easier to start an internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder in which there is at least one piston which is intended to execute an oscillating motion between a top dead center and a bottom dead center, air or a fuel-air mixture is drawn in via an induction line as a result of a movement of the piston toward the bottom dead center. After the bottom dead center has been passed and after the piston has started to move toward the top dead center, the air or the fuel-air mixture is discharged from the cylinder via the induction line. Intake valves are closed at a time which is shifted toward the top dead center. A control element arranged in the induction line closes the induction line after the piston has passed the bottom dead center.

Abstract: In a method for operating a spark-ignition internal combustion engine, wherein fuel is metered into the cylinders by direct fuel injection into the combustion chambers and by the addition of fuel in an intake region of the engine and a control unit matches the quantity of fuel to be added in the intake region and the quantity of fuel to be injected directly into the combustion chamber to one another as a function of the operating point of the internal combustion engine so as to provide an ignitable fuel mixture in the combustion chamber, the control unit determines a recirculation rate for the re-circulated exhaust gas and adjusts a predetermined excess air ratio (?) for the mixture composed of fresh air, re-circulated exhaust gas and fuel by means of the direct injection of fuel into the combustion chamber taking into account the recirculation rate in order to reduce the exhaust emissions of the internal combustion engine and improve fuel consumption.

Abstract: A dual component injector, especially for internal combustion engines, has a nozzle body, which has a nozzle outlet, and a valve needle for opening and closing the nozzle outlet. A first feed channel is used for supplying a first fluid to the nozzle outlet, and a second feed channel is used for supplying a second fluid to the nozzle outlet. Optionally, a fluid chamber, which is located in the nozzle body, is connected to the nozzle outlet. The second feed channel is connected to the fluid chamber or to the first feed channel via at least two bored holes. The bored holes open out in the fluid chamber or in the first feed channel in such a way that the second fluid produces a swirling flow pattern in the fluid chamber or in the first feed channel.

Abstract: A drive system for a motor vehicle includes an internal combustion engine and a transmission. The internal combustion engine has an associated driveshaft, the transmission has an associated transmission shaft, and the driveshaft and the transmission shaft are connected to one another. A free installation space is provided between the internal combustion engine and the transmission in the direction of the driveshaft and, respectively, of the transmission shaft. The internal combustion engine has an associated electric machine which can be operated as a starter/generator. The electric machine has an associated power electronics unit which is arranged in the free installation space.

Abstract: A device for liquefying fuel fractions which are in vapour form in fuel tanks (1), having a suction device (10), a pump (13), a condensation device (16) and a separation and storage device (18). This device has a regulation device, with the aid of which the fraction-air mixture (31), which is displaced by the fuel (30), flowing in during the refuelling of the fuel tank (1) and/or a fraction-air mixture (31) which is produced by air injection by means of an air-injection device (23) can be sucked out and separated.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having one injection valve (3) per cylinder and at least one additional port injector (5) for injecting fuel into combustion air which is fed to the cylinders (2) in the intake tract (4). The port injector (5) havs two supply inlets (10, 11) which can be closed off. A control unit (8) determines the quantity of fuel which is to be delivered as a function of the operating state of the internal combustion engine (1). Separately provided starting fuel is delivered by the port injector (5) during the warm-up phase of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A coolant circuit is provided for an internal combustion engine, with a coolant radiator, at least one mechanical coolant pump and at least one electrical coolant pump for a cooling circuit having a coolant inflow and for a heating circuit having a coolant return, in each case with at least one heat exchanger, the mechanical coolant pump and/or the electrical coolant pump being assigned to the heating and/or cooling circuit, and the mechanical pump being capable of being cut in and cut out or of being throttled.

Abstract: A process for the desulfurization of an engine fuel onboard a motor vehicle includes separating sulfur-containing components of the engine fuel by selective liquid-phase adsorption on an adsorption material. The adsorption material may be an oxide of Al, Mg, Si, or Ti that is doped with Ag.

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle having an engine control unit and an exhaust-gas catalytic converter. In the invention, the engine control unit is used to switch off the internal combustion engine in an idling mode and/or in an overrun mode of the internal combustion engine, depending on the temperature of the exhaust-gas catalytic converter and an exhaust-gas temperature.

Abstract: A sensor for determining the concentration of sulphur compounds in a liquid includes: a working electrode in contact with the liquid to be analyzed; a referenced electrode insulated from the liquid to be analyzed; a liquid-impermeable membrane located between the working electrode and the reference electrode and permeable to an ion that may form a chemical compound with the sulphur compounds in the liquid to be analyzed; and a reference material in contact with the reference electrode or forms the reference electrode.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has a preparation device for fuel, for the purpose of providing a starting fuel which comprises low-boiling fuel constituents. A catalytic converter is accommodated in an exhaust train of the internal combustion engine. After-treatment of the exhaust gases is carried out by a secondary air device, by means of the combustion being carried out with an excess of starting fuel for rich-burn operation during the cold start and the subsequent warm-up phase. The system is provided for spark-ignition mixture-compressing or spark-ignition direct injection internal combustion engines.

Abstract: A fuel fractionation device is provided for separating a low-boiling fuel fraction from a liquid fuel in an internal combustion engine, having a fuel tank which contains the liquid fuel and having a separator, to which an extracted fuel fraction mixture can be fed, and a reservoir to which the fuel fraction can be fed, and furthermore having a pump which extracts fuel vapor and air and has a pump drive. The pump and the pump drive are fixed in a housing and are accommodated removably in the fuel tank together with the separator and the reservoir, forming a structural unit.

Abstract: A fuel fractionation device is provided for separating a low-boiling fuel fraction from a liquid fuel in an internal combustion engine, having a fuel tank which contains the liquid fuel and having a separator, to which an extracted fuel fraction mixture can be fed, and a reservoir to which the fuel fraction can be fed, and furthermore having a pump which extracts fuel vapor and air and has a pump drive. The pump and the pump drive are fixed in a housing and are accommodated removably in the fuel tank together with the separator and the reservoir, forming a structural unit.

Abstract: In a method for making it easier to start an internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder in which there is at least one piston which is intended to execute an oscillating motion between a top dead center and a bottom dead center, air or a fuel-air mixture is drawn in via an induction line as a result of a movement of the piston toward the bottom dead center. After the bottom dead center has been passed and after the piston has started to move toward the top dead center, the air or the fuel-air mixture is discharged from the cylinder via the induction line. Intake valves are closed at a time which is shifted toward the top dead center. A control element arranged in the induction line closes the induction line after the piston has passed the bottom dead center.

Abstract: A dual component injector, especially for internal combustion engines, has a nozzle body, which has a nozzle outlet, and a valve needle for opening and closing the nozzle outlet. A first feed channel is used for supplying a first fluid to the nozzle outlet, and a second feed channel is used for supplying a second fluid to the nozzle outlet. Optionally, a fluid chamber, which is located in the nozzle body, is connected to the nozzle outlet. The second feed channel is connected to the fluid chamber or to the first feed channel via at least two bored holes. The bored holes open out in the fluid chamber or in the first feed channel in such a way that the second fluid produces a swirling flow pattern in the fluid chamber or in the first feed channel.

Abstract: In a fuel supply system for an internal combustion engine including a fuel tank, a fuel processing apparatus to which fuel from the tank is supplied and which separates the fuel into different fractions, the fuel and the fractions are mixed in a mixing chamber according to a performance graph stored in a control unit depending on the operating state of the engine and the mixture is then supplied to the engine in a controlled manner.