Abstract: In a process for drying sewage sludge or sludges of similar consistency, use is made of a device (13) in which vapors arising during contact drying are introduced to at least one compression stage. This stage compresses the vapors to a higher pressure and impurities are separated therefrom. The cleaned and compressed vapors are introduced into the device (13) for contact drying as a heating medium. In this manner, the energy consumed inside the operated installation is used more efficiently to dry the sewage sludge and a considerably improved energy balance is thereby achieved.

Abstract: Bulk chocolate is added into a mixing apparatus whereby a plurality of conching tools (10) is fixed together with several others, on a shaft (11). The shaft (11) is rotatably mounted in end walls (21) of a horizontal drum (12). The ends of the mixing tools (10) are located a short distance from the inside wall (18) of the drum, and the shaft (11) has a drive which turns the direction of rotation of the shaft (11), the clearance between the leading edge (19) of each tool (10) and the inside wall (18) of the drum is greater than the clearance between the trailing edge (20) of the tool and the inside wall (18) of the drum. The shaft (11) is rotated to press the bulk chocolate between a bottom wall of mixing tools (10) and the inside surface of the drum (12) whereby the bulk chocolate first enters the leading edge (19) to experience a pressing force as it travels across from the leading region to the trailing region of the mixing tool (10).

Abstract: A device for carrying out a method of sugar-coating and/or film coating is provided with a partially perforated drum (48) which rotates about an axis (50). The inner space (47) of the drum can be exposed to a fluid flow (gas, fluid). The inner space (47) is associated with an element for guiding a gas flow which guides the gas flow as a controlled shell-shaped flow through the plane of the drum opening (43) and, with at least one longitudinal component with respect to the axis, through the inner space (47) of the drum (48).

Abstract: A device for moving solid particles, especially one designed as cooling mixer, has a substantially horizontal jacketed tank (11), in which a shaft (14) is seated for rotation. The shaft (14) is equipped with mixing tools. Bulk material can be introduced into the tank (11) through a charging opening (23), and the processed material can be extracted from the tank (11) through a discharge opening (26). The product space of the tank (11) is equipped with partition walls which subdivide the product space into processing zones. The solid-particle mixer (10) is particularly well suited for quasi-continuous operation. Processing of the bulk material is carried out in the pile and product feeding toward the discharge opening (26) is effected in the state of a mechanically generated fluidized bed, or a product toroid.

Abstract: To remove solvents such as alcohol from bulk material the solvent-laden bulk material is intensively loosened mechanically into a virtual fluidized bed through which a liquid in gaseous phase such as steam is passed so that the solvent having a lower boiling point than water is expelled from the bulk material and is evacuated with excess steam while at least part of the steam condenses on the particles of the bulk material which thereby is humidified. The solvent expelled from the bulk material is separated from the steam and can be used again. The treatment is carried out in a closed vessel in which the bulk material and the steam are moved relative to each other.

Abstract: Mixing apparatus has a mixing container and a mixing device mounted in it, comprising a driven shaft connected to a driving motor and extending through the container along its longitudinal axis and mounted rotatably, and radially extending arms mounted on this shaft and having at their outer ends respective mixing tools moving around close to the wall of the container. Each tool is provided both on its leading and also on its rear end with at least one working flank extending at an angle to the plane of rotation of the tool. The working flank at the one end of each tool extends at a different angle of inclination to the plane of rotation of the tool from that at the other end. The shaft of the tool is driven with a reversible direction of rotation.

Abstract: A mixer is provided comprising a container having a circumferential wall, and a mixing mechanism arranged for concentric rotation with respect to the container. The mixing mechanism comprises a rotatably mounted shaft carrying at least one pair of radially extending arms each of which has a mixing tool therein. One mixing tool of the or each pair is located in the immediate vicinity of the container wall, and the other mixing tool of the or each pair is located at a smaller radial distance from the shaft. The latter mixing tool is disposed in advance of the former mixing tool, as considered in the direction of rotation of the mixing mechanism. In an embodiment, a single radially extending arm is employed. This arm carries a mixing tool and a second arm, the latter in turn provided with a second mixing tool.

Abstract: An apparatus and process is disclosed for treating bulk material in batches in a container having a revolving shovel mechanism rotatably mounted therein and ball-like striking elements moved by the shovel mechanism, wherein heat is supplied to or removed from the bulk material and/or the bulk material is dried and the striking elements are added to the bulk material for the duration of the treatment. The ball-like striking elements having a substantially higher specific gravity than the bulk material and a diameter of at least twice the smallest distance between the shovel tools of the shovel mechanism and the container wall. The shovel tools each having a forwardly extending portion which is curved. The curved portion imparts a resultant of tangential and radial motions to the ball striking elements when contacted thereby.

Abstract: A mixing mechanism for a mixing machine, the mechanism comprising a shaft which is rotatably mounted in a cylindrical or partly cylindrical container of the mixing machine. On the shaft are radially extending arms each of which carries a mixing tool at its outer end. At least some of the arms and their respective mixing tools are each provided with a plate-like extension on the rear side as viewed in the rotational direction of the mixing mechanism.

Abstract: An impeller-type mixing machine is provided with movable wedge-shaped or ploughshare shaped mixing tools. Each tool has a tip running upstream and lateral cheeks emanating from it and acting as working surfaces. At least one of the cheeks is placed obliquely to the direction of movement of the mixing tools. The cheeks of each mixing tool run at an obtuse angle to the longitudinal axis thereof.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the continuous drying and/or granulating of loose material. Loose material is conveyed through a drying/treating horizontal container by the action of a gas stream, the gas conveying force being opposed by a lesser, mechanical force derived from mixing tools within the container.

Abstract: A plough-share like mixing tool for brushing the internal wall of a cylindrical mixer container is disclosed. The mixing tool is designed for attachment to the outer end of a radial arm and fixed on the shaft of a mixing mechanism rotatably mounted in the mixer.The reverse side of the mixing tool is designed to form a convexly curved envelope.