Abstract: An electrical power supply apparatus has at least one electrical load connection to which an electrical load can be connected. A first electrical power supply connection can be connected to a mains supply network. A second electrical power supply connection is connected to an autonomous electrical power supply, such as a photovoltaic system. A switching apparatus switches the connection of the at least one electrical load connection to the first electrical power supply connection in mains operation or to the second electrical power supply connection in island operation. In order to improve the energy management during island operation, the at least one electrical load connection has at least one associated evaluation and control apparatus, which identifies the island operation of the electrical power supply apparatus and switches the at least one electrical load connection on or off, at least during island operation, as a function of preset criteria.

Abstract: A photovoltaic system includes a solar module having at least one solar cell. In order to reduce the power loss of the solar module when a solar module is in shade or is defective, a semiconductor switching element is connected in parallel with the solar module and drive electronics block the semiconductor switching element when the solar module is generating power and otherwise switch the semiconductor switching element to low impedance in order to bridge the solar module.

Abstract: An electrical power supply apparatus has at least one electrical load connection to which an electrical load can be connected. A first electrical power supply connection can be connected to a mains supply network. A second electrical power supply connection is connected to an autonomous electrical power supply, such as a photovoltaic system. A switching apparatus switches the connection of the at least one electrical load connection to the first electrical power supply connection in mains operation or to the second electrical power supply connection in island operation. In order to improve the energy management during island operation, the at least one electrical load connection has at least one associated evaluation and control apparatus, which identifies the island operation of the electrical power supply apparatus and switches the at least one electrical load connection on or off, at least during island operation, as a function of preset criteria.

Abstract: A photovoltaic system includes a solar module having at least one solar cell. In order to reduce the power loss of the solar module when a solar module is in shade or is defective, a semiconductor switching element is connected in parallel with the solar module and drive electronics block the semiconductor switching element when the solar module is generating power and otherwise switch the semiconductor switching element to low impedance in order to bridge the solar module.

Abstract: In the context of a single-phase universal motor, which has proven its worth in particular as an agile washing machine drive, the novel control provides for a substantial reduction in the remagnetization losses, rotary speed dependency, level of efficiency, and the fluctuations in the motor current pulsating at double the mains frequency, together with the resulting losses and production of noise in particular because of torque fluctuations and electromagnetically excited oscillations of the stator iron core. The motor is no longer operated by way of the phase-angle control, which is synchronized with the mains frequency, of a pulse-fired triac which is self-turning off with the current zero crossing and also no longer operated by way of the pulse duty factor of a chopper oscillating freely at high frequency.

Abstract: In spite of the enormous market-originating price pressure, even large-scale domestic appliances can be fitted with LCD displays for user guidance. The expensive universal driver circuits (LCD controller ICs) with their many unused functionalities are replaced by simple logic gate circuits synchronized by a host processor for the exchange of image data between the V-RAM and the display, for cyclically successively counting through the pixels (that is to say columns) per image line and the lines per image representation of the display. As now an address in the V-RAM and thus a matrix position in the image of the display corresponds to each counting position per image, and the memory is not occupied with image data continuously but only in a corresponding section. This however is not a problem because large image data memories are available very inexpensively in comparison with an expensive LCD controller IC.

Abstract: In the context of a single-phase universal motor, which has proven its worth in particular as an agile washing machine drive, the novel control provides for a substantial reduction in the remagnetization losses, rotary speed dependency, level of efficiency, and the fluctuations in the motor current pulsating at double the mains frequency, together with the resulting losses and production of noise in particular because of torque fluctuations and electromagnetically excited oscillations of the stator iron core. The motor is no longer operated by way of the phase-angle control, which is synchronized with the mains frequency, of a pulse-fired triac which is self-turning off with the current zero crossing and also no longer operated by way of the pulse duty factor of a chopper oscillating freely at high frequency.