Abstract: A method for operating an injection valve by ascertaining an opening time and/or closing time of the injection valve on the basis of a sensor signal. The method includes: providing an analysis point time series by sampling a sensor signal of a sensor of the injection valve; using a nonlinear, data-based first submodel in order to obtain a first model output on the basis of the analysis point time series; using a linear, data-based second submodel in order to obtain a second model output on the basis of the analysis point time series; ascertaining the opening time and/or closing time as a function of the first and second model outputs.

Abstract: A method for operating an injection valve by determining an opening or closing time of the injection valve based on a sensor signal. The method includes: providing an evaluation point time series by sampling a sensor signal of a sensor of the injection valve; using a non-linear data-based first sub-model to obtain a first output vector based on the evaluation point time series, wherein each element of the first output vector is associated with a specific time; using a linear, data-based second sub-model to obtain a second output vector based on the evaluation point time series, wherein each element of the second output vector is associated with a specific time; limiting the time determined by the first output vector depending on the second output vector in order to obtain the opening or closing time.

Abstract: A method for training a data-based evaluation model to determine an opening or closing time of an injection valve based on a sensor signal. The method includes: measuring an operation of the injection valve in order to determine at least one sensor signal and an associated opening or closing time; sampling the sensor signal at a sampling rate in order to obtain a sensor signal time series with sensor signal values; determining a plurality of training data sets by assigning a plurality of evaluation point time series generated from a sensor signal time series to the opening or closing time associated with the sensor signal, wherein the evaluation point time series has a lower temporal resolution than the sensor signal time series; training the data-based evaluation model depending on the determined training data sets.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for training a data-based time determining model for determining an opening or closing time of an injection valve based on a sensor signal. The method includes: providing an unlabeled analysis point time series by sampling the sensor signal of a sensor of the injection valve; training the data-based time determining model to assign a time specification which represents a specific opening or closing duration to an analysis point time series, the training process being carried out using a first shifting function to time-shift the analysis point time series and a second shifting function in order to time-shift the time specification. A consistency loss function is used for the training process.

Abstract: A method for operating an injection valve by ascertaining an opening time and/or closing time of the injection valve on the basis of a sensor signal. The method includes: providing an analysis point time series by sampling a sensor signal of a sensor of the injection valve; using a nonlinear, data-based first submodel in order to obtain a first model output on the basis of the analysis point time series; using a linear, data-based second submodel in order to obtain a second model output on the basis of the analysis point time series; ascertaining the opening time and/or closing time as a function of the first and second model outputs.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for ascertaining a closure point in time of an injector of an internal combustion engine using a classifier. The method includes: ascertaining a time series of input signals, each corresponding to a point in time within the time series, and each characterizing a deformation of the injector; ascertaining a plurality of first values using the classifier based on the time series, in each case a first value corresponding to a point in time of the time series, and the first value characterizing a probability that the closure point in time of the injector matches the point in time; ascertaining a plurality of second values, each being a sum of neighboring first values, of a first value and the first value, the second value corresponding to the point in time to which the first value corresponds; ascertaining the closure point in time based on the largest second value.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for ascertaining a closure point in time of an injector of an internal combustion engine using a classifier. The method includes: ascertaining a time series of input signals, each corresponding to a point in time within the time series, and each characterizing a deformation of the injector; ascertaining a plurality of first values using the classifier based on the time series, in each case a first value corresponding to a point in time of the time series, and the first value characterizing a probability that the closure point in time of the injector matches the point in time; ascertaining a plurality of second values, each being a sum of neighboring first values, of a first value and the first value, the second value corresponding to the point in time to which the first value corresponds; ascertaining the closure point in time based on the largest second value.

Abstract: The invention relates to a drive train (1), in particular for a vehicle as an electric vehicle or hybrid vehicle, comprising: an electric machine (6) for the driving or the traction of the vehicle (2); a refrigeration circuit (14), which has an air-conditioning compressor (19), an evaporator (17), a condenser (18), and an expansion valve (16), for cooling an interior (5) of the vehicle (2); and a drive unit for mechanically driving the air-conditioning compressor (19), wherein the electric machine (6) is mechanically coupled to the air-conditioning compressor (19) by means of a mechanical compressor coupling element (20) such that the electric machine (19) for the driving or the traction of the vehicle (2) is used additionally to mechanically drive the air-conditioning compressor (19).

Abstract: The invention relates to a drive train (1), in particular for a vehicle as an electric vehicle or hybrid vehicle, comprising: an electric machine (6) for the driving or the traction of the vehicle (2); a refrigeration circuit (14), which has an air-conditioning compressor (19), an evaporator (17), a condenser (18), and an expansion valve (16), for cooling an interior (5) of the vehicle (2); and a drive unit for mechanically driving the air-conditioning compressor (19), wherein the electric machine (6) is mechanically coupled to the air-conditioning compressor (19) by means of a mechanical compressor coupling element (20) such that the electric machine (19) for the driving or the traction of the vehicle (2) is used additionally to mechanically drive the air-conditioning compressor (19).

Abstract: In a jump-starting method between an electric vehicle providing a jump-start and an electric vehicle receiving a jump-start, the electrical systems of the two electric vehicles are temporarily interconnected electrically during the time of the jump-starting.

Abstract: An energy storage system, in particular a battery having a plurality of battery cells. These battery cells are accommodated in a first container. The first container is separated from a second container by a separating element, which allows for establishing a pressure difference ?p for expansion of a gas out of the first container into the second container.

Abstract: A device for the energy management of a vehicle, which has an air-conditioning system and a controller controlling the air-conditioning system. The air-conditioning system includes an air-conditioning compressor coupled mechanically to the drive train and a thermal storage unit. The controller controls the air-conditioning compressor in such a way that the energy efficiency of the vehicle is improved.

Abstract: A motor vehicle having an internal combustion engine, a differential pressure sensor or two pressure sensors for detecting a pressure difference, which may be in an exhaust tract of the internal combustion engine, and an evaluation unit for evaluating the detected pressure difference. Moreover, the present invention relates to a method for operating a motor vehicle. A controlling arrangement is provided for controlling an automatic start-stop system or an ignition system of the motor vehicle as a function of the result of the evaluation of the detected pressure difference used to detect immersion or submersion of a tailpipe of the exhaust tract in water, sludge, or a similar liquid medium in order to prevent the internal combustion engine from shutting off when the tailpipe is immersed or submerged.

Abstract: In a jump-starting method between an electric vehicle providing a jump-start and an electric vehicle receiving a jump-start, the electrical systems of the two electric vehicles are temporarily interconnected electrically during the time of the jump-starting.

Abstract: A method for prolonging the service life of a traction battery of an electric-powered or hybrid vehicle. The method includes recording at least one driving phase selection that encompasses a travel duration, a start of driving, or both; and recording an instantaneous state of charge of the traction battery. At least one aging parameter is minimized that encompasses the time interval between a charging process and the start of driving or the charging energy used to charge the traction battery in accordance with at least one driving phase selection; and the charging process is executed in accordance with the minimized aging parameter. Also, a charge control for implementing the method.

Abstract: An energy storage system, in particular a battery having a plurality of battery cells. These battery cells are accommodated in a first container. The first container is separated from a second container by a separating element, which allows for establishing a pressure difference ?p for expansion of a gas out of the first container into the second container.

Abstract: A device for the energy management of a vehicle, which has an air-conditioning system and a controller controlling the air-conditioning system. The air-conditioning system includes an air-conditioning compressor coupled mechanically to the drive train and a thermal storage unit. The controller controls the air-conditioning compressor in such a way that the energy efficiency of the vehicle is improved.

Abstract: A motor vehicle having an internal combustion engine, a differential pressure sensor or two pressure sensors for detecting a pressure difference, which may be in an exhaust tract of the internal combustion engine, and an evaluation unit for evaluating the detected pressure difference. Moreover, the present invention relates to a method for operating a motor vehicle. A controlling arrangement is provided for controlling an automatic start-stop system or an ignition system of the motor vehicle as a function of the result of the evaluation of the detected pressure difference used to detect immersion or submersion of a tailpipe of the exhaust tract in water, sludge, or a similar liquid medium in order to prevent the internal combustion engine from shutting off when the tailpipe is immersed or submerged.