Abstract: A method is disclosed for producing a brake element, in particular a brake disk or brake drum, which has a friction portion and a fastening portion, wherein a blank for at least the friction portion is produced by a casting method from gray cast iron with lamellar graphite, wherein the blank is subjected to austenitizing at a predefined austenitizing temperature, and wherein the austenitized blank is subjected to austempering at a predefined austempering temperature. The friction portion and the fastening portion is produced in one piece, and that the fastening portion is produced with a wall thickness of at least 1.5 and at most 4.5 mm.

Abstract: A brake disc includes a friction ring consisting at least partially of a first material and a brake rotor hat consisting at least partially of a second material that is different from the first material. The friction ring includes a flange formed in the axial direction, wherein the flange is connected to the brake rotor hat by means of at least one connection element. An intermediate piece is provided between the surface of the brake rotor hat in contact with the connection element and the connection element. In this way, a stable mechanical connection is created between the flange of the friction ring and the brake rotor hat.

Abstract: A brake disc assembly includes a friction ring made of a first material and a brake disc chamber made of a second material and which is secured to the friction ring. The brake disc chamber has a first connection ring with multiple first radial openings, and the friction ring has a second connection ring with multiple second radial openings. The connection rings are coaxial such that at least some of the first and second radial openings are flush with one another. A fixing pin lies in at least some of the flush radial openings to connect the connection rings. The first connection ring has at least one wall element with at least one additional radial opening paired with the circumference of the first connection ring such that the additional radial opening is flush with one of the first radial openings. The fixing pin also lies in the additional radial opening.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for producing a brake element, in particular a brake disk or brake drum, which has a friction portion and a fastening portion, wherein a blank for at least the friction portion is produced by a casting method from gray cast iron with lamellar graphite, wherein the blank is subjected to austenitizing at a predefined austenitizing temperature, and wherein the austenitized blank is subjected to austempering at a predefined austempering temperature. The friction portion and the fastening portion is produced in one piece, and that the fastening portion is produced with a wall thickness of at least 1.5 and at most 4.5 mm.

Abstract: A brake disc includes a friction ring having a first material and a brake rotor hat having a second material that is different from the first material. The friction ring includes a flange formed in the axial direction, and the flange is connected to an edge of the brake rotor hat oriented towards the friction ring, by means of at least one connection element designed as a rivet. The rivet head is in flat contact with the surface of the brake rotor hat facing away from the flange.

Abstract: A brake disc assembly includes a friction ring made of a first material and a brake disc chamber made of a second material and which is secured to the friction ring. The brake disc chamber has a first connection ring with multiple first radial openings, and the friction ring has a second connection ring with multiple second radial openings. The connection rings are coaxial such that at least some of the first and second radial openings are flush with one another. A fixing pin lies in at least some of the flush radial openings to connect the connection rings. The first connection ring has at least one wall element with at least one additional radial opening paired with the circumference of the first connection ring such that the additional radial opening is flush with one of the first radial openings. The fixing pin also lies in the additional radial opening.

Abstract: A brake disc includes a friction ring consisting at least partially of a first material and a brake rotor hat consisting at least partially of a second material that is different from the first material. The friction ring includes a flange formed in the axial direction, wherein the flange is connected to the brake rotor hat by means of at least one connection element. An intermediate piece is provided between the surface of the brake rotor hat in contact with the connection element and the connection element. In this way, a stable mechanical connection is created between the flange of the friction ring and the brake rotor hat.

Abstract: A brake disc includes a friction ring having a first material and a brake rotor hat having a second material that is different from the first material. The friction ring includes a flange formed in the axial direction, and the flange is connected to an edge of the brake rotor hat oriented towards the friction ring, by means of at least one connection element designed as a rivet. The rivet head is in flat contact with the surface of the brake rotor hat facing away from the flange.

Abstract: A gray cast iron brake disk has a thermally applied wear-reducing surface coating containing chromium and/or tungsten carbides. The surface coating has a roughness reduced to about 0.5 to 1 ?m to shorten a wearing-in period.

Abstract: A friction brake pad for a friction brake comprises at least one corrosion prevention element located within a friction surface. The corrosion prevention element is flush with the friction surface and is configured to wear with the friction brake pad. The at least one corrosion prevention element may be formed of a baser metal than gray cast iron.

Abstract: A camera (17) mounted on a rear view minor housing (5) of a vehicle (1), which captures a plan view image of the ground on one side of the vehicle for display on an in-vehicle visual display unit (13) is calibrated to correct for offset of the camera (17) from an ideal position. During calibration an image of a reference point (34) on the vehicle (1) is captured as the mirror housing (5) is swiveled from a rest position to an operative position. The offset of the actual position of the image of the reference point in the captured image from its ideal position is computed, and a look-up table is prepared, which indicates the position at which pixels of subsequently captured image frames should be located to produce image frames with offset correction.

Abstract: An image vision system (8) for calibrating two cameras (17) mounted on respective side rear view mirror housings (5) of a motor vehicle (1) for correcting for offset of the cameras (17) from ideal positions relative to the vehicle (1). The cameras (17) capture plan view images of the ground on respective opposite sides of the vehicle for display as images (10,11) along with a plan view image (14) of the vehicle (1) on an in-vehicle visual display unit (13), for assisting a driver parking or manoeuvring the vehicle (1) in a confined space. Calibration of the cameras (17) is carried out as the side mirror housings (5) are swivelled from a rest position to an operative position in response to activation of the ignition system of the vehicle (1). The calibration requires determining the offset of the actual position of a reference point (34) on the vehicle (1) captured in an image by the corresponding camera (17) from the ideal position of the reference point (34a) in an ideal image frame.