Abstract: Various embodiments of the present application are directed to methods of measuring a mass flow rate of at least one exhaust gas constituent in an exhaust gas of a fuel cell. In one example embodiment, the method includes the steps of measuring a volumetric flow rate of the exhaust gas; using a gas sensor to determine a concentration of the at least one exhaust gas constituent, and calculating the mass flow rate of the exhaust gas constituent using the volumetric flow rate of the exhaust gas and the determine concentration of the at least one exhaust gas constituent.

Abstract: Disclosed is a vehicle emissions monitoring system capable of providing an accurate, real-time estimate of an amount of particulate matter (PM) within a vehicle's exhaust. The system is capable of accurately differentiating the composition of that PM by identifying amounts attributable to soot, SOF, and sulfate.

Abstract: A method for testing a vehicle or a sub-system thereof on a test stand or in a road trial, wherein the method provides force and torque transmitting interfaces which are at least partially present in reality. To be able to further increase the flexibility of test runs or test drives, at least one further sub-system or one component which is not present in reality is reproduced independently of the interfaces via a simulation program which is supplied with real, actual measured values and/or signals of the real part, wherein the output signals of the simulation model are fed to a control device of the real part for further processing.

Abstract: Disclosed is a vehicle emissions monitoring system capable of providing an accurate, real-time estimate of an amount of particulate matter (PM) within a vehicle's exhaust. The system is capable of accurately differentiating the composition of that PM by identifying amounts attributable to soot, SOF, and sulfate.

Abstract: A method for testing a vehicle or a sub-system thereof on a test stand or in a road trial is described, wherein the method provides force and torque transmitting interfaces which are at least partially present in reality. To be able to further increase the flexibility of test runs or test drives, at least one further sub-system or one component which is not present in reality is reproduced independently of said interfaces via a simulation program which is supplied with real, actual measured values and/or signals of the real part, wherein the output signals of the simulation model are fed to a control device of the real part for further processing.