Abstract: A method may include receiving a first transaction inserting a record into a database and a second transaction deleting the record from the database. A validity period for the record may be determined based on a first commit time at which the first transaction is committed and a second commit time at which the second transaction is committed. A current table and/or a history table of a system versioned table may be updated to include the record based on the validity period of the record. One or more temporal operations may be performed based on the system versioned table. For example, a time travel operation may be performed to retrieve, based on the system versioned table, one or more records that are valid at a given point in time. Related systems and computer program products are also provided.

Abstract: A method may include receiving a first transaction inserting a record into a database and a second transaction deleting the record from the database. A validity period for the record may be determined based on a first commit time at which the first transaction is committed and a second commit time at which the second transaction is committed. A current table and/or a history table of a system versioned table may be updated to include the record based on the validity period of the record. One or more temporal operations may be performed based on the system versioned table. For example, a time travel operation may be performed to retrieve, based on the system versioned table, one or more records that are valid at a given point in time. Related systems and computer program products are also provided.

Abstract: A method may include receiving a first transaction inserting a record into a database and a second transaction deleting the record from the database. A validity period for the record may be determined based on a first commit time at which the first transaction is committed and a second commit time at which the second transaction is committed. A current table and/or a history table of a system versioned table may be updated to include the record based on the validity period of the record. One or more temporal operations may be performed based on the system versioned table. For example, a time travel operation may be performed to retrieve, based on the system versioned table, one or more records that are valid at a given point in time. Related systems and computer program products are also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are system, method, and computer program product embodiments for converting column loadable data in a database into a page loadable format. When a column oriented in-memory database needs to perform an operation on a table, the affected columns must be loaded fully into memory. In some cases, a database may partition tables, allowing for column fragments corresponding to those partitions to be loaded into memory. These column fragments may exceed available memory, such that it is beneficial to convert the column fragment into a page loadable format. Approaches are discussed herein for performing the conversion without the need to update global metadata during the process, allowing for multiple parallel column fragments to be updated, allowing data manipulation language (DML) operations to continue on the column during the conversion process, and reducing the impact of blocked parallel savepoint operations during the conversion process by chunking the conversion process.

Abstract: A computer implemented method for manipulating data comprises receiving log transaction information from a primary database system at a secondary database system and parsing the log transaction information to identify data objects that have been modified on the primary database system. The secondary database system determines whether the data objects are present in main memory on the secondary database system and whether the log transaction corresponds to a data manipulation language (DML) query or a data definition language (DDL) query. If the data objects are not in the main memory and the query is a DML query, they are copied from persistence data volumes to the main memory. The data objects in main memory are modified by replaying the log transactions on the data objects in the main memory. Then, the data objects in the persistence data volumes are modified. Related apparatus, systems, techniques and articles are also described.

Abstract: Persisting data in logical tiers of an in-memory database based on aging rules of the database system. The database system can be configured to age data by moving the data from a first logical tier supporting high performance data access to a second logical tier supporting lower performance data access, thereby improving the operational efficiency of the database system.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are system, method, and computer program product embodiments for converting column loadable data in a database into a page loadable format. When a column oriented in-memory database needs to perform an operation on a table, the affected columns must be loaded fully into memory. In some cases, a database may partition tables, allowing for column fragments corresponding to those partitions to be loaded into memory. These column fragments may exceed available memory, such that it is beneficial to convert the column fragment into a page loadable format. Approaches are discussed herein for performing the conversion without the need to update global metadata during the process, allowing for multiple parallel column fragments to be updated, allowing data manipulation language (DML) operations to continue on the column during the conversion process, and reducing the impact of blocked parallel savepoint operations during the conversion process by chunking the conversion process.

Abstract: Objects across multiple database manipulation language (DML) redo log records are cached, during continuous replay of redo log records on a secondary system, for the same table partition to enable reuse of such cached objects. Later, these cached objects can be reused as they are accessed during the sequential processing of DML redo records for a specific table partition.

Abstract: A tie rod puller including a pull housing, a clutch assembly and a clutch assembly housing is disclosed. The tie rod puller accelerates the process of pulling tie rods and installing key plates. The pulling of tie rods better secures the panels of a structure under construction to improve the integrity of a structure. The clutch assembly movably rotates a nut as a tie rod is being installed. The clutch assembly includes a stopper to prevent the nut from moving too far back. The clutch assembly is to hold and move a tie rod upon pulling of the tie rod and installing a key plate onto a wall. The clutch assembly housing includes a plate, which receives a key plate with a magnet. The plate includes brackets to stabilize the tie rod puller. The tie rod puller is preferably operated by automatic means such as by an impact drill.

Abstract: A computer implemented method for initializing a secondary database system includes receiving table state information from a primary database system at a secondary database system. The table state information includes information identifying which tables had an open operation during a savepoint event. Metadata associated with the tables is parsed to identify table state information from the metadata and a lock is created for each table identified as having an open operation during the savepoint event. Afterwards, log transaction information is sequentially parsed. Related apparatus, systems, techniques and articles are also described.

Abstract: A computer implemented method for manipulating data comprises receiving log transaction information from a primary database system at a secondary database system and parsing the log transaction information to identify data objects that have been modified on the primary database system. The secondary database system determines whether the data objects are present in main memory on the secondary database system. If the data objects are not in the main memory, they are copied from persistence data volumes to the main memory. The data objects are modified by replaying the log transactions on the data objects in the main memory. Then, the data objects in the persistence data volumes are modified. Related apparatus, systems, techniques and articles are also described.

Abstract: A system includes a volatile random access memory storing first header data and a first data block, the first header data including descriptive information and a first pointer to the first data block, and a non-volatile random access memory. The system includes determination of a memory size associated with the first header data and the first data block, allocation of a first memory block of the non-volatile random access memory based on the determined memory size, determination of an address of the non-volatile random access memory associated with the allocated first memory block, and writing of the descriptive information and a binary copy of the first data block at the address of the non-volatile random access memory.

Abstract: Systems and methods for integrating the lifecycle of nonvolatile memory blocks with the transactional guarantees of a database are disclosed. One method includes creating a first fragment of a first database column in a volatile memory system, receiving a first pointer to a first block of a second non-volatile memory (NVM) system, the first block associated with the first fragment of the first database column, and populating the first block of the second non-volatile memory system using the first pointer. The method further includes committing the first block of the second non-volatile memory system and associating a first block identifier of the first block of the second non-volatile memory system with the first fragment of the first database column, while blocking creation of a database savepoint, and then unblocking creation of the database savepoint. A block key associated with a first fragment may comprise various identifiers such as block, column, table and partition identifiers.

Abstract: A system includes a volatile random access memory storing first header data and a first data block, the first header data including descriptive information and a first pointer to the first data block, and a non-volatile random access memory. The system includes determination of a memory size associated with the first header data and the first data block, allocation of a first memory block of the non-volatile random access memory based on the determined memory size, determination of an address of the non-volatile random access memory associated with the allocated first memory block, and writing of the descriptive information and a binary copy of the first data block at the address of the non-volatile random access memory.

Abstract: The subject matter disclosed herein provides methods for reformatting a page due to a rollover. An in-memory array holding a column of data can be maintained. One or more pages can be maintained. Each page can have one or more rows for storing the column of data. The column of data in the in-memory array can be monitored for a change. A rollover can be performed on at least one of the pages based on the change. The rollover can reformat the at least one page by rewriting metadata associated with the at least one page. Related apparatus, systems, techniques, and articles are also described.

Abstract: At least one read operation is concurrently performed with at least one write operation that each insert a key/value pair into a backing array of a backing hash table of a hash table forming part of a columnar in-memory database. The backing array maps a plurality of pointers each to a respective bucket. Each bucket includes at least one state bit and a hashed value of a corresponding key. Thereafter, for each write operation, a first available position in the backing array at which a pointer to a new bucket containing the key/value pair can be inserted is iteratively determined (such that each first available position has no corresponding pre-existing pointer). Subsequently, for each write operation, the pointer to the new bucket containing the key/value pair is inserted at the corresponding first determined position in the backing array. Related apparatus, systems, techniques and articles are also described.

Abstract: Objects across multiple database manipulation language (DML) redo log records are cached, during continuous replay of redo log records on a secondary system, for the same table partition to enable reuse of such cached objects. Later, these cached objects can be reused as they are accessed during the sequential processing of DML redo records for a specific table partition.

Abstract: A system includes creation of a first fragment of a first database column in a volatile memory system, reception of a first pointer to a first block of a second non-volatile memory system, the first block associated with the first fragment of the first database column, population of the first block of the second non-volatile memory system using the first pointer, while blocking creation of a database savepoint, commitment of the first block of the second non-volatile memory and association of a first block identifier of the first block of the second non-volatile memory with the first fragment of the first database column, and unblocking creation of the database savepoint.

Abstract: A computer implemented method for manipulating data comprises receiving log transaction information from a primary database system at a secondary database system and parsing the log transaction information to identify data objects that have been modified on the primary database system. The secondary database system determines whether the data objects are present in main memory on the secondary database system and whether the log transaction corresponds to a data manipulation language (DML) query or a data definition language (DDL) query. If the data objects are not in the main memory and the query is a DML query, they are copied from persistence data volumes to the main memory. The data objects in main memory are modified by replaying the log transactions on the data objects in the main memory. Then, the data objects in the persistence data volumes are modified. Related apparatus, systems, techniques and articles are also described.

Abstract: A computer implemented method for initializing a secondary database system includes receiving table state information from a primary database system at a secondary database system. The table state information includes information identifying which tables had an open operation during a savepoint event. Metadata associated with the tables is parsed to identify table state information from the metadata and a lock is created for each table identified as having an open operation during the savepoint event. Afterwards, log transaction information is sequentially parsed. Related apparatus, systems, techniques and articles are also described.