Abstract: The invention relates to methods and apparatuses for introducing and releasing substances into and out of cells, and more specifically to methods and apparatuses for transiently permeabilizing a living cell so that any one or more of a variety of substances, such as ions, proteins, and nucleic acids, can be loaded into or released out of the cell.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and apparatuses for introducing and releasing substances into and out of cells, and more specifically to methods and apparatuses for transiently permeabilizing a living cell so that any one or more of a variety of substances, such as ions, proteins, and nucleic acids, can be loaded into or released out of the cell.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating a frequency selective output pulse from a carrier frequency signal pulse of a predetermined duration. Included are pulse means for generating at least one modulating pulse of predetermined amplitude, duration, and frequency content; filter means responsive to said modulating pulse for removing selected frequencies from the frequency content of said modulating pulse, said filter means having a predetermined transfer function so as to provide a modulating signal varying in amplitude as a function of time; and modulator means responsive to a carrier frequency signal pulse and said modulating signal for modulating the amplitude of the carrier frequency signal pulse and providing a frequency selective output pulse having a predetermined frequency content centered about the carrier frequency in the carrier frequency signal pulse.