Abstract: A integral or monolithic nozzle segment having airfoils According to an aspect of the invention a steam turbine has a casing supporting multiple nozzle segments forming a diaphragm with the airfoils located in a channel through which working fluid flows. The diaphragm surrounds a rotary axis of a steam turbine coaxially and consists of a plurality of individual nozzle segments. The nozzle segments and the casing of the steam turbine have substantially equal thermal expansion coefficients. The casing and the nozzle segments are made of different materials and particularly different martensitic steel types. Each nozzle segment may have a core comprising martensitic steel having a minimum creep strength that fulfills the following conditions at a temperature of 580° C.: at least 105 hours under a tensile stress of at least 100 MPa or at least 125 MPa or at least 150 MPa.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to the calculation of an absolute and relative axial displacement in a steam turbine between a stationary vane row and a rotating blade row steam turbine. This is achieved by using a measurement signal of an outer casing absolute axial expansion sensor, a measurement signal of an inner to outer casing differential axial expansion sensor and a measurement signal for a rotor to outer casing differential axial expansion sensor.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to the calculation of an absolute and relative axial displacement in a steam turbine between a stationary vane row and a rotating blade row steam turbine. This is achieved by using a measurement signal of an outer casing absolute axial expansion sensor, a measurement signal of an inner to outer casing differential axial expansion sensor and a measurement signal for a rotor to outer casing differential axial expansion sensor.

Abstract: A steam turbine (10), especially for the high-pressure range or intermediate-pressure range, includes a rotor (11) which is rotatably mounted around an axis and concentrically enclosed at a distance by an inner casing (12), wherein between the rotor (11) and the inner casing (12) a flow passage (13) is formed, which on the inlet side is axially delimited by a balance piston (18) which is arranged on the rotor (11), and into which flow passage rotor blades (15) and stator blades (17), alternating in the direction of flow, radially project, and wherein, at the entry of the flow passage (13), an inlet scroll (14), through which steam is guided from the outside radially inwards and deflected in a deflection region (27) in the axial direction to the inlet of the flow passage (13), is formed on the inner casing (12).

Abstract: A steam turbine (10), especially for the high-pressure range or intermediate-pressure range, includes a rotor (11) which is rotatably mounted around an axis and concentrically enclosed at a distance by an inner casing (12), wherein between the rotor (11) and the inner casing (12) a flow passage (13) is formed, which on the inlet side is axially delimited by a balance piston (18) which is arranged on the rotor (11), and into which flow passage rotor blades (15) and stator blades (17), alternating in the direction of flow, radially project, and wherein, at the entry of the flow passage (13), an inlet scroll (14), through which steam is guided from the outside radially inwards and deflected in a deflection region (27) in the axial direction to the inlet of the flow passage (13), is formed on the inner casing (12).

Abstract: A steam turbine with an operating temperature of more than 650° C. includes a thermally highly-loaded housing (G) which is produced by a casting technique at least partially from a nickel-based alloy. Production of such a steam turbine is simplified by the housing (G) being divided into a multiplicity of smaller housing sections (G1, . . . , G8; G21, G22, G31, G32) which are interconnected and together form the housing (G).