Abstract: A four-way exhaust gas valve has a permanent inlet, a permanent outlet, a selectable inlet, a selectable outlet and a pivotable valve flap. The pivotable valve flap is arranged for switching between a first mode of operation, in which exhaust gas entering through the permanent inlet is guided directly to the permanent outlet, and a second mode of operation, in which exhaust gas entering through the permanent inlet is discharged through the selectable outlet and exhaust gas re-entering through the selectable inlet is discharged through the permanent outlet.

Abstract: A four-way exhaust gas valve has a permanent inlet, a permanent outlet, a selectable inlet, a selectable outlet and a pivotable valve flap. The pivotable valve flap is arranged for switching between a first mode of operation, in which exhaust gas entering through the permanent inlet is guided directly to the permanent outlet, and a second mode of operation, in which exhaust gas entering through the permanent inlet is discharged through the selectable outlet and exhaust gas re-entering through the selectable inlet is discharged through the permanent outlet.

Abstract: The torque developed at a belt shaft of a belt retractor coupled to an electric motor via a drive belt is controlled so as to avoid a hysteresis. For this purpose, the direction of rotation of the belt shaft is detected and, depending on the direction of rotation as detected, the electric current supplied to the electric motor is changed from a first value to a second value that is different from the first value by an amount required to compensate for hysteresis.

Abstract: A belt retractor for an occupant restraint system comprises a frame, a belt reel rotatably mounted in the frame, an electric motor drive coupled to the belt reel, a locking mechanism for selectively blocking the belt reel, and a vehicle-sensitive sensor. The locking mechanism is actuated by an actuator. An electronic control unit is provided with an input interface and an output interface. The vehicle-sensitive sensor is connected to the input interface, and the actuator and the electric motor drive are connected to the output interface.

Abstract: A filter system, in particular for filtering the lubricant of an internal combustion engine, having at least two filter elements (19, 25) which can be connected successively to the oil circuit and a changeover valve (21) which feeds the oil to be cleaned to one of the filter elements, with the valve (21) being operated by the pressure difference between the clean oil side and the raw oil side of a filter element (19, 25, 26).

Abstract: An internal-combustion engine has an oil pump, preferably also the cooling water pump, assigned to an independent module which can be mounted separately.

Abstract: A filter arrangement formed with a housing and a center tube connected with the housing. In the filter arrangement, a metal-free filter cartridge is arranged which includes an accordion-folded, annular filter element. The filter cartridge is provided with end plates on the axial end faces of the annular filter element, at least one of the end plates having an elastic construction, and each elastic end plate is provided with a flexible supporting ring which is arranged directly adjacent a radial seal formed by the elastic end plate.