Abstract: The present invention relates to low foaming non-ionic surfactants being alcohol alkoxylates comprising at least two different oxyalkylene-groups derivable from a mixture of linear an branched alcohols and their use

Abstract: Process for the manufacture of a toughened and/or bent, infrared-reflecting sheet of glass made of sodalime silicate glass, in which on at least side of a transparent glass base a silver coating is applied and on its side facing away from the glass base at least one anti-reflection coating made of metal oxide is applied and a thermal toughening and/or bending process at a temperature of 580.degree. C. to 680.degree. C., preferably 600.degree. C. to 650.degree. C., is carried out, characterised by the fact that a silver coating and an outer coating made of a metal or a metal alloy are applied onto the essentially flat glass base and by the fact that after this the toughening and/or bending process is carried out, in which the outer coating is converted with an increase in volume into an essentially absorption-free metal oxide, forming at least part of the anti-reflection coating, with an index of refraction .gtoreq.1.7, sheet of glass produced according to this and its application.

Abstract: Method for the manufacture of a toughened and/or bent glass pane of soda-lime-silica glass with reduced transmission for solar radiation, in which to at least one side of the transparent glass carrier is applied a metal layer of platinum, iridium or optionally rhodium, alloys of these metals or metal alloys with a majority content of at least one of these metals in a thickness such that the light transmittance of the laminate formed from the glass carrier and the metal layer is between 10 and 90%, particularly between 30 and 90% of that of the glass carrier alone and a toughening and/or bending process is performed in air at a temperature of 580.degree. to 680.degree. C., preferably 600.degree. to 650.degree. C.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for the removal of a coating of mist at the interior face of a glazing panel, especially of high thermally insulating glass, of a refrigerating cabinet, operating with forced air circulation, after the opening and closing of a door of the cabinet. In order to remove the coating, the speed of circulation of the air after closing of the door is temporarily increased until decomposition of the coating has taken place and thereafter is reduced back to the level required for normal cooling operation.

Abstract: Method for the manufacture of a prestressed and/or curved glass pane of soda-lime-silica glass having reduced transmission in a prescribable spectral range (in prescribable spectral ranges), in particular a sunshade pane, whereby at least one metal layer having a majority content of a metal or of a metal alloy from the elements having the atomic numbers 22 through 28 of the periodic table is applied to at least one side of a glass carrier and a protective layer of at least one metal oxide or mixed metal oxide is applied to that side thereof facing away from the glass carrier, and whereby a thermal prestressing and/or bending process is carried out in air at a temperature of 580.degree. C. through 680.degree. C., preferably 600.degree. C. through 650.degree. C.

Abstract: Optical filters, e.g. for reflecting infrared radiation while passing visible light radiation is made by applying to the silver reflective coating a protective coating of a metal oxide by magnetron cathode sputtering and only thereafter is the dereflective layer applied by magnetron cathode sputtering. The protective coating-oxygen partial pressure and coating rate are substantially less than the dereflective coating-oxygen partial pressure and coating rate. Apparently the protective coating prevents damage to the reflective coating.

Abstract: A heat-reflecting panel having a neutral-color outer appearance has a transparent film support, such as a glass pane, an interference film having a refractive index >2 disposed on the support, a heat reflecting gold film of a thickness of 70-105 A disposed on the side of the interference film remote from the support, and neutralization film formed from chromium, iron, nickel, titanium or alloys thereof, or an alloy of chromium, aluminium and iron, the neutralization film disposed on the side of the gold film remote from the interference film.

Abstract: A heat-reflecting pane consists of a substantially transparent glass substrate with two layers of titanium oxide, the outside layer being in the rutile form with the intermediate layer being in the anatase form. The pane is formed by double coating the glass substrate with layers of titanium applied by vacuum deposition. A weaker vacuum is used to obtain the anatase form with a stronger vacuum used to obtain the rutile form. Both layers are then oxidized at temperatures of at least 550.degree. C. to form TiO.sub.2. The intermediate layer of TiO.sub.2 in the anatase form prevents the rutile layer from becoming opaque when the pane is heated to the temperature necessary for heat treatment of the glass substrate. The treatment may be effected either during the heating step in which the titanium is oxidized or in a subsequent additional heating step.

Abstract: A heat reflecting pane comprises a substantially transparent glass substrate which has a layer of silicon oxide thereon and a layer of titanium dioxide in the rutile form on the side of the silicon oxide layer remote from the glass pane, the glass substrate having been toughened by heat treatment. The pane is formed by coating the glass substrate with a thin layer of silicon oxide, then applying a layer of titanium to the silicon oxide layer by vacuum deposition, the oxidizing the titanium at over 550.degree. C. to form titanium oxide in the rutile form.The silicon oxide layer prevents the rutile layer from becoming opaque when the pane is heated to the temperature necessary for heat treatment of the glass substrate, which may be during the heating step in which the titanium is oxidized or may be subsequently.

Abstract: A resistance-heated vaporizer for vacuum depositing thin metallic coatings on glass panes or the like is disclosed with at least one metal strip that is placed in spaced parallel relationship to the pane and connected to a source of electricity and with at least one relatively flat pocket provided on the metal strip facing the pane. The pocket is made of an electrically conductive and net-like material.

Abstract: A heat reflecting window pane consisting of a laminate of a transparent support layer, an absorption layer, a silver reflecting layer and an anti-reflecting layer. A fifth layer of transparent material may also be provided.