Abstract: The invention concerns a method of and an arrangement for co-combustion of biomasses and/or organic wastes as secondary fuel in a coal dust-fired boiler of a vapor generator. The secondary fuel is dried directly or indirectly with the flue gas of the boiler. The vapors produced in the drying operation are fed to the combustion chamber of the boiler as final combustion air and/or secondary air.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for drying coal with a natural moisture content, which is supplied to melt-down or coal gasifiers, in which drying takes place by means of the excess energy obtained on coupling to a gas turbine power station. The excess energy is supplied by means of a fluid to at least one drier by heat release from at least one auxiliary unit ensuring or improving energy generation.

Abstract: A process for recycling hot dust from a gasifier or melt-down gasifier by means of a hot gas cyclone separator integrated into a pipe system is described, together with the associated apparatus. The hot dust from the hot gas cyclone separator is supplied by means of a lock system to a burner in order to overcome the pressure difference between the hot gas cyclone separator and the melt-down gasifier. By means of the lock system the dust is supplied from a lower pressure zone to a higher pressure zone. The dust to be recycled comprises coke or a mixture of coke and iron particles.

Abstract: A process for producing pig iron is described, which contains a reducing shaft furnace 1 and a melting gasifier 2. The sponge iron produced from iron ores in the reducing shaft furnace is supplied to the melting gasifier and converted there into a pig iron melt. The gas produced in the melting gasifier is supplied directly via a line 4 as reducing gas to the reducing shaft furnace. The blast furnace gas passing out of the reducing shaft furnace, after traversing a CO.sub.2 scrubber 6, is at least partly heated in a heat exchanger to 200.degree. to 500.degree. C. and passed to a partial combustion plant 13 where, accompanied by the addition of oxygen, the gas is heated to the necessary reducing temperature.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of starting a plant for the production of pig iron or steel pre-material including a direct-reduction shaft furnace and a meltdown gasifier.At first the still empty meltdown gasifier is heated up by aid of a combustible gas and the smoke gases forming are introduced into the still empty direct-reduction shaft furnace.Coke or a degassed coal product is charged into the direct-reduction shaft furnace and the smoke gases introduced into the direct-reduction shaft furnace are passed through the coke or the degassed coal product by releasing their sensible heat.The coke or the degassed coal product thereby is heated to ignition temperature and is charged into the meltdown gasifier in the hot state, catching fire upon the injection of an oxygen-containing gas or of oxygen.A further coal or coke bed serving for gasification is charged on the ignited bed of coke or degassed coal product and the charging substances are charged into the direct-reduction shaft furnace.

Abstract: A burner for the combustion of fine-grained to dusty solid fuels incorporates a central internal tube for supplying the solid fuels and an annular gap surrounding the internal tube and delimited by a cooled external tube, for supplying oxygen or oxygen-containing gas. The annular gap ends externally by an exhaust port directed obliquely relative to the longitudinal axis of the burner and peripherally surrounding the end of the central internal tube, or by a plurality of exhaust ports annularly disposed about the longitudinal axis of the burner. In order to ensure the complete combustion of the fine-grained to dusty fuels at a long service life of the burner, the inclination of the exhaust port(s) relative to the longitudinal axis of the burner is below 20.degree.. The exhaust port(s) is/are arranged transverse to the longitudinal axis of the burner and in the radial direction relative to the same at a distance of between 5 and 30 mm from the inner wall of the internal tube.

Abstract: A process for producing pig-iron is described involving the use of a reduction shaft furnace 1 and a melt-down gasifier 2. The sponge iron produced from iron ore in the reduction shaft furnace is fed into the melt-down gasifier and converted into a pig-iron melt. The gas produced in the melt-down gasifier is passed as reducing gas into the reduction shaft furnace both via a cyclone separator 11 and a line 12 and directly via a line 13. The top gas leaving the reduction shaft furnace, after passing through a scrubber 4, is largely returned via a CO.sub.2 scrubber 6, in which CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 O are removed from the top gas, in such a way that it can be used for forming the reducing gas in the melt-down gasifier and also as a cooling gas for the reducing gas produced in said gasifier.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for pretreatment of a lumpy carbon carrier suitable for forming a fluidized bed and a solid bed used in the production of pig iron from iron ore. The ore is pre-reduced in at least one reduction plant and the thus produced iron sponge is subsequently final reduced and fused in a melt-down gasifier with the help of the lumpy carbon carrier and an oxygen-containing gas and is the carbon carrier is fed into the upper part and the oxygen-containing gas is fed into the lower part of the melt-down gasifier. These materials form, together with the iron sponge, a fluidized bed in the melt-down gasifier. Below the fluidized bed, a solid bed is formed consisting of said lumpy carbon carrier. A suitable carbon carrier may be formed by pretreating available coal by one of two methods. Lumpy coal tending to burst upon subjection to a shock-like thermal load is preheated for a minimum of one hour at a temperature of at least 300.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for producing sponge iron from iron ore is described, which is reduced to sponge iron in a reduction shaft furnace by means of a hot reduction gas. For this purpose reduction gas at a temperature in the range 750.degree. to 900.degree. is introduced into shaft furnace (1) level with bustle plane (5) having been produced in a gasifier (2) then cooled and purified in a cyclone separator (12). Reduction gas is introduced below the bustle plane (5) at a temperature below that of the reduction gas introduced in the bustle plane and is preferably introduced into the shaft furnace (1) between 650.degree. and 750.degree.. Increased carburization of the sponge iron is obtained. Increased carbon separation also results through a volume increase, particularly by increasing the cross-section through the lower part of the shaft furnace.

Abstract: A process for producing pig iron is described involving the use of a reduction shaft furnace 1 and a melt-down gasifier 2. The sponge iron produced from iron ore in the reduction shaft furnace is fed into the melt-down gasifier and converted into a pig iron melt. The gas produced in the melt-down gasifier is passed as reducing gas into the reduction shaft furnace both via a cyclone separator 11 and a line 12 and directly via a line 13. The top gas leaving the reduction shaft furnace, after passing through a scrubber 4, is largely returned via a CO.sub.2 scrubber 6, in which CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 O are removed from the gas, in such a way that it can be used for forming the reducing gas in the melt-down gasifier and also as a cooling gas for the reducing gas produced in said gasifier.

Abstract: A process for producing gas containing CO and H.sub.2 from pulverulent to coarse-grained coal in a coal gasifier in which a fluidized bed is produced, and to which are supplied coal, oxygen and/or one or more oxygen-containing gases. The coal is supplied in counter-current to the gas removed from the fluidized bed. Thus, the coal is dried, degassed and preheated before it enters the fluidized bed. The upper limit of the particle size of the coal is between about 10 mm and 40 mm, and is determined by the volatile matter content of the coal.

Abstract: To gain electric energy in addition to producing molten pig iron, from lumpy iron ore and solid fuels, by using a direct reduction zone for the reduction of the iron ore to sponge iron and a meltdown-gasifying zone for the production of molten pig iron, carbon carriers are used in, and oxygen-containing gases are supplied to, the meltdown-gasifying zone. The reduction gas forming is fed into the direct reduction zone. The reduction gas reacted there is supplied as top gas to a power generation plant including a turbine. In order to adapt the power generation to the power consumption by simultaneously avoiding any influence on the metallurgical conditions at the production of pig iron and its further processing, the charge of carbon carriers into the meltdown-gasifying zone is varied as a function of the gas consumption of the power generation plant in a manner that, with a higher gas consumption, the volatile constituents of the charge are increased and the C.sub.

Abstract: A novel process for removing the sulphur contained in a gaseous compound by absorbtion from at least part of the waste gas of a reduction shaft furnace (1) for iron ore is described. The waste gas is initially cleaned in a scrubber (13) and cooled, followed by desulphurization, during which the sulphur-absorbing material is constituted by part of the sponge iron produced in the reduction shaft furnace. Desulphurization advantageously takes place at a temperature in the range 30.degree. to 60.degree. C. It is preferably carried out on the CO.sub.2 separated from the blast furnace gas and the blast furnace gas part used as export gas.

Abstract: A novel process for producing molten pig iron or steel raw material is described. The pig iron is initially at least partly reduced to sponge iron by means of a reducing gas and is then melted in a melting gasifier, being optionally finally reduced. Apart from the sponge iron, the melting gasifier is supplied with coal at least partly degassed by a hot gas and oxygen-containing gas. The hot gas used for this purpose is formed from the gas produced during degassing and a supplied, oxygen-containing gas. The latter is preferably constituted by air, which can be preheated by the gas produced during degassing.

Abstract: A process for producing sponge iron from iron ore is described, which is reduced to sponge iron in a reduction shaft furnace by means of a hot reduction gas. For this purpose reduction gas at a temperature in the range 750 to 900.degree. C. is introduced into shaft furnace (1) level with bustle plane (5) having been produced in a gasifier (2) then cooled and purified in a cyclone separator (12). Reduction gas is introduced below the bustle plane (5) at a temperature below that of the reduction gas introduced in the bustle plane and is preferably introduced into the shaft furnace (1) between 650.degree. and 750.degree. C. Increased carburization of the sponge iron is obtained. Increased carbon separation also results through a volume increase, particularly by increasing the cross-section through the lower part of the shaft furnace.

Abstract: A process for the production of pig iron from fine ore is described, in which initially the fine ore undergoes prereduction to a degree of metallization of preferably 65 to 75%. The sponge iron obtained is then melted down and under goes a final reduction. This process takes place in a melting cyclone 2, to which the sponge iron is supplied by means of a central opening 1 and into which are tangetially blown via a lateral opening 3 a carbon carrier, an oxygen-containing gas and optionally fluxes. As a result of the angular momentum produced, the sponge iron particles are deflected to the side and melted and finally reduced by the combustion gases of the carbon carrier. The molten iron collects in an iron bath 8. The gas produced in the melting cyclone is cooled from approximately 1500.degree. C. to approximately 800.degree. C. in a waste heat system 10, as well as by admixing cooling gas supplied via a line 11 and is then used for the prereduction of the iron ore.

Abstract: A novel melting gasifier (7) is disclosed, in which material at least largely comprising metal is melted in a fluidized bed. The latter is maintained by oxygen-containing gas laterally injected through approximately equidistant nozzles in the lower part of the melting gasifier. A carbon carrier and from above the material to be melted are also introduced into the melting gasifier. Over at least part of the fluidized bed height, the gasifier has a horizontal cross-section, which has different dimensions in two directions perpendicular to one another. The nozzles can project by different amounts into the gasifier vessel.

Abstract: A process for the production of pig iron from fine ore is produced, in which the fine ore is prereduced in one or more reduction units (1, 2). The resulting sponge iron is subsequently melted down and finally reduced in a melt-down gasifier (3) with the aid of at least one plasma burner (9) and a solid carbonaceous reducing agent. The sponge iron is fed into the lower part of the melt-down gasifier in the vicinity of the plasma burners, preferably directly over the latter, above the collecting melting bath and slag. The solid carbonaceous material, particularly low grade coal required for final reduction is fed from above (18) into the melt-down gasifier. It is converted in the latter into coke and forms in the lower part of the gasifier a fluidized bed, which is maintained by the plasma gas, additionally introduced oxygen and CO formed during final reduction.

Abstract: A process and an arrangement for the production of molten pig iron or steel pre-products from particulate ferrous material as well as for the production of reducing gas in a meltdown gasifier. A fluidized bed of coke particles is formed by the addition of coal and the injection of oxygen-containing gas. In order to ensure a satisfactory mode of operation of the meltdown gasifier even if coal of inferior quality with a high moisture content and a high portion of volatile matter is used, additional heat is supplied to the meltdown gasifier above the feed lines for the fluidized-bed-forming oxygen-containing gas by burning and/or degassing coal particles separated from the reducing gas.

Abstract: A process for the gasification of sewage sludge or other carbon-containing waste materials in a gasifier (1) is described. A solid fuel and oxygen-containing gas are also fed into said gasifier. The residues formed during gasification collect at the bottom of the gasifier in the form of molten slag. Gasification takes place in a fluidized bed (9) formed above the slag bath and constituted by the dried sewage sludge or waste materials, the solid fuel, the oxygen-containing gas and the gasification gas. The gas produced in the gasifier can be used for power generation or as a reducing gas for iron ore. Sponge iron can simultaneously be melted in the gasifier and reduced to pig iron.