Abstract: An X-ray source (100) for generating X-ray radiation of first and second energy spectra is proposed, wherein the X-ray intensity imbalance between the first and second energy spectra is reduced as compared to conventional X-ray sources. The reduction of the X-ray intensity imbalance is achieved by configuring a smaller electron impact angle (141) onto the anode (102) when the higher tube voltage is applied as compared to when the lower tube voltage is applied.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a rotary anode X-ray source. In addition to a primary cathode of a rotary anode X-ray tube, an auxiliary cathode is provided in the rotary anode X-ray tube. Electrons from the auxiliary cathode are focused into an area on the anode, from which X-rays cannot enter the used X-ray beam generated by the primary cathode. An emission current controlling device is used to control the electron emission of the auxiliary cathode. Thus, the voltage down-ramp for dual energy scanning is kept constant even though the primary X-ray output changes for the sake of dose modulation or during a transient of the primary electron current.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a radiation detector (100) comprising: i) a substrate (110); ii) a sensor, which is coupled to the substrate, the sensor comprising a first array (120) of sensor pixels, a second array (130) of signal read-out elements, and an electronic circuitry which is configured to provide image data based on signals received from the signal read-out elements; iii) a transducer, which is coupled to the substrate and to the sensor, the transducer comprising a third array (140) of subpixels, wherein at least two subpixels are assigned to one sensor pixel; wherein the second array of signal read-out elements and the third array of subpixels correspond to each other; wherein each of the subpixels comprises a radiation conversion material.

Abstract: The rotatable anode of a rotating anode X-ray source has demanding requirements placed upon it. For example, it may rotate at a frequency as high as 200 Hz. X-ray emission is stimulated by applying a large voltage to the cathode, causing electrons to collide with the focal track. The focal spot generated at the electron impact position may have a peak temperature between 2000° C. and 3000° C. The constant rotation of the rotating anode protects the focal track to some extent, however the average temperature of the focal track immediately following a CT acquisition protocol may still be around 1500° C. Therefore, demanding requirements are placed upon the design of the rotating anode. The present application proposes a multi-layer coating for the target region of a rotating X-ray anode which improves mechanical resilience and thermal resilience, whilst reducing the amount of expensive refractory metals required.

Abstract: An X-ray source (100) for generating X-ray radiation of first and second energy spectra is proposed, wherein the X-ray intensity imbalance between the first and second energy spectra is reduced as compared to conventional X-ray sources. The reduction of the X-ray intensity imbalance is achieved by configuring a smaller electron impact angle (141) onto the anode (102) when the higher tube voltage is applied as compared to when the lower tube voltage is applied.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a radiation detector (100) comprising: i) a substrate (110); ii) a sensor, which is coupled to the substrate, the sensor comprising a first array (120) of sensor pixels, a second array (130) of signal read-out elements, and an electronic circuitry which is configured to provide image data based on signals received from the signal read-out elements; iii) a transducer, which is coupled to the substrate and to the sensor, the transducer comprising a third array (140) of subpixels, wherein at least two subpixels are assigned to one sensor pixel; wherein the second array of signal read-out elements and the third array of subpixels correspond to each other; wherein each of the subpixels comprises a radiation conversion material.

Abstract: The invention proposes an insulator within an X-ray tube having a vacuum side and an ambient side and a feedthrough substantially coinciding with an axis of symmetry at the vacuum side and an axis of symmetry at the ambient side. The axis of symmetry at the vacuum side and the axis of symmetry at the ambient side have an angle of at least 5°, preferably 90°, with respect to each other. An X-ray source comprising such an insulator is presented as well and the present invention also extends to a medical imaging apparatus for generating X-ray images of a patient thereby using an X-ray source with such an insulator. In an embodiment, an X-ray source is provided wherein the insulator is plugged to an electrical connector at the ambient surface.

Abstract: At least one power supply produces a voltage between a cathode and an anode. The cathode and anode are operable such that electrons emitted from the cathode interact with the anode with energies corresponding to the voltage. The electrons interact with the anode at a focal spot to generate X-rays. The power supply provides the cathode with a cathode current. An electron detector is positioned relative to the anode, and a backscatter electron signal is measured from the anode. The measured backscatter electron signal is provided to a processing unit, which determines a cathode current correction and/or a correction to the voltage between the cathode and the anode using the measured backscatter electron signal and a correlation between anode surface roughness and backscatter electron emission.

Abstract: An X-ray source (10) for generating X-rays (11) is provided. The X-ray source (10) comprises an emitter arrangement (12) for generating electrons or for generating X-rays, at least one feedthrough (38) for supplying electrical power to the emitter arrangement (12), and an insulator (20) configured for isolating an electrical potential of the at least one feedthrough (38) from a ground potential. Therein, the at least one feedthrough (38) extends at least partly through the insulator (20), and at least a part of the insulator (20) is in thermal contact with at least a part of the emitter arrangement (12). Further, the insulator (20) comprises at least one cooling channel (28) formed completely in an interior volume (25) of the insulator (20) and configured to dissipate heat from the emitter arrangement (12), wherein a distance (29) between an outer surface (26) of the insulator (20) and the cooling channel (28) is at least as large as half of a thickness (27) of the cooling channel (20).

Abstract: The invention proposes an insulator within an X-ray tube having a vacuum side and an ambient side and a feedthrough substantially coinciding with an axis of symmetry at the vacuum side and an axis of symmetry at the ambient side. The axis of symmetry at the vacuum side and the axis of symmetry at the ambient side have an angle of at least 5°, preferably 90°, with respect to each other. An X-ray source comprising such an insulator is presented as well and the present invention also extends to a medical imaging apparatus for generating X-ray images of a patient thereby using an X-ray source with such an insulator. In an embodiment, an X-ray source is provided wherein the insulator is plugged to an electrical connector at the ambient surface.

Abstract: The rotatable anode of a rotating anode X-ray source has demanding requirements placed upon it. For example, it may rotate at a frequency as high as 200 Hz. X-ray emission is stimulated by applying a large voltage to the cathode, causing electrons to collide with the focal track. The focal spot generated at the electron impact position may have a peak temperature between 2000° C. and 3000° C. The constant rotation of the rotating anode protects the focal track to some extent, however the average temperature of the focal track immediately following a CT acquisition protocol may still be around 1500° C. Therefore, demanding requirements are placed upon the design of the rotating anode. The present application proposes a multi-layer coating for the target region of a rotating X-ray anode which improves mechanical resilience and thermal resilience, whilst reducing the amount of expensive refractory metals required.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for generating X-rays. It is described to produce (210) with a power supply (40) at least two voltages between at least one cathode (20) and an anode (30), wherein the at least two voltages comprises a first voltage and a second voltage. The at least one cathode is positioned relative to the anode. Electrons are emitted (220) from the at least one cathode. Electrons emitted from the at least one cathode are interacted (230) with the anode with energies corresponding to the at least two voltages. X-rays are generated (230) from the anode, wherein the electrons interact with the anode to generate the X-rays. First X-rays are generated when the power supply produces the first voltage and second X-rays are generated when the power supply produces the second voltage. The power supply is controlled (250), such that a ratio between the first X-rays and the second X-rays is controllable.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus (10) for imaging an object. It is described to position (210) an X-ray detector relative to at least one X-ray source such that at least a part of a region between the at least one X-ray source and the X-ray detector is an examination region for accommodating an object. In a first mode of operation, with the at least one X-ray source a first focal spot is produced (220), such that at least some first X-rays produced at the first focal spot pass through a first grating of an interferometer arrangement, the first grating positioned at a first position, and such that the at least some first X-rays pass through a second grating of the interferometer arrangement, the second grating positioned at a second position. In the first mode of operation, the at least some first X-rays are detected (230) with the X-ray detector at a detector position.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus (10) for generating X-rays. It is described to produce (210) with at least one power supply (40) a voltage between a cathode (20) and an anode (30). The cathode is positioned relative to the anode, and the cathode and anode are operable such that electrons emitted from the cathode interact with the anode with energies corresponding to the voltage, and wherein the electrons interact with the anode at a focal spot to generate X-rays. The at least one power supply provides (220) the cathode with a cathode current. An electron detector (50) is positioned (230) relative to the anode, and a backscatter electron signal is measured (240) from the anode. The measured backscatter electron signal is provided (250) to a processing unit (60).

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for determining an effective energy spectrum of an X-ray tube. It is described to provide (210) a temporally varying acceleration voltage of an X-ray tube for a time period. A temporally varying X-ray tube current is also provided (220) for the time period. At least one product of the temporally varying X-ray tube current and a time interval is determined (230). An effective energy spectrum of the X-ray tube processing the X-ray tube is determined (250) as a function of the at least one product of the temporally varying X-ray tube current and the time interval and as a function of the voltage of the X-ray tube.

Abstract: An X-ray source (10) for generating X-rays (11) is provided. The X-ray source (10) comprises an emitter arrangement (12) for generating electrons or for generating X-rays, at least one feedthrough (38) for supplying electrical power to the emitter arrangement (12), and an insulator (20) configured for isolating an electrical potential of the at least one feedthrough (38) from a ground potential. Therein, the at least one feedthrough (38) extends at least partly through the insulator (20), and at least a part of the insulator (20) is in thermal contact with at least a part of the emitter arrangement (12). Further, the insulator (20) comprises at least one cooling channel (28) formed completely in an interior volume (25) of the insulator (20) and configured to dissipate heat from the emitter arrangement (12), wherein a distance (29) between an outer surface (26) of the insulator (20) and the cooling channel (28) is at least as large as half of a thickness (27) of the cooling channel (20).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device (34) and a method (70) for determining a status of an X-ray tube (10) of an X-ray system (36). Due to ageing and/or wear of the X-ray tube, the spectrum of the X-ray radiation (30) provided by the X-ray tube may change over the operation time of the X-ray tube. The present invention therefore suggests evaluating spectrally different values detected with an X-ray detector arrangement (32) of the X-ray system. A reference data set representing a reference condition of the X-ray tube by a plurality of spectrally different reference-values (44) and a working data set representing an aged condition of the X-ray tube by a plurality of spectrally different working-values (46) of detected X-ray radiation are used to determine an equivalent filtration function for an filtration material influencing a source X-ray radiation (26) emitted by an anode (16) of the X-ray tube.

Abstract: The invention relates to a source-detector arrangement (11) of an X-ray apparatus (10) for grating based phase contrast computed tomography. The source-detector arrangement comprises an X-ray source (12) adapted for rotational movement around a rotation axis (R) relative to an object (140) and adapted for emittance of an X-ray beam of coherent or quasi-coherent radiation in a line pattern (21); and an X-ray detection system (16) including a first grating element (24) and a second grating element (26) and a detector element (6); wherein the line pattern of the radiation and a grating direction of the grating elements are arranged orthogonal to the rotation axis; and wherein the first grating element has a first grating pitch varied dependent on a cone angle (?) of the X-ray beam and/or the second grating element has a second grating pitch varied dependent on the cone angle of the X-ray beam.

Abstract: The invention relates to a modification arrangement for an X-ray generating device, a modification method, a computer program element for controlling such device and a computer readable medium having stored such computer program element. The modification arrangement comprises a cathode, an anode (2) and modification means, e.g. a modification device. The cathode is configured to provide an electron beam (15). The anode (2) is configured to rotate under impact of the electron beam (15) and is segmented by slits (21) arranged around the anode's circumference. The modification means are configured to modify the electron beam (15) when the electron beam (15) is hitting one of the anode's rotating slits (21).

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus (10) for imaging an object. It is described to position (210) an X-ray detector relative to at least one X-ray source such that at least a part of a region between the at least one X-ray source and the X-ray detector is an examination region for accommodating an object. In a first mode of operation, with the at least one X-ray source a first focal spot is produced (220), such that at least some first X-rays produced at the first focal spot pass through a first grating of an interferometer arrangement, the first grating positioned at a first position, and such that the at least some first X-rays pass through a second grating of the interferometer arrangement, the second grating positioned at a second position. In the first mode of operation, the at least some first X-rays are detected (230) with the X-ray detector at a detector position.