Abstract: Surfactant mixture comprising33-95 parts by weight of at least one alkoxylated C.sub.9 -C.sub.18 fatty alcohol (component I) having 5 to 30 oxyalkylene groups and5-67 parts by weight of at least one alkoxylated C.sub.9 -C.sub.18 fatty acid (component II) having 5 to 30 oxyalkylene groups or5-67 parts by weight of at least one alkoxylated C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alcohol (component III) having 5 to 30 oxyalkylene groups or5-67 parts by weight of a mixture of at least one alkoxylated fatty acid (component II) and at least one alkoxylated alcohol (component III).

Abstract: The invention relates to spin finishes comprising compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical of the empirical formula C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 or a straight-chain or branched alkenyl radical of the empirical formula C.sub.n H.sub.2n-1 where n is in each case 1 to 9 andR.sub.2 is a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical of the empirical formula C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 where n is 2 to 16, and also to their use as spooling oils for synthetic fibers.

Abstract: The invention relates to spin finishes which contain compounds of the formulaHO(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.x --RO--(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.y H Iin whichR is an alkylene radical which is mono- or polysubstituted by alkyl, has 2 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkylene chain and contains methyl, ethyl, propyl or isopropyl as the alkyl substituent, andthe sum of x and y is 10 to 20, x and y being different from zero, and to a process for the spin finishing of fibers.

Abstract: The urethanes described are synthesized from aliphatic fluoro alcohols, triisocyanate and a carboxylic acid. They are prepared by reaction of the aliphatic fluoro alcohol with the triisocyanate to give the fluoro alcohol/triisocyanate adduct and by reaction of this adduct with the carboxylic acid. The new urethanes are preferably used for the finishing of textiles for the purpose of achieving water, oil and soil repellency.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## where R.sub.1 denotes a group of the formula ##STR2## R.sub.2 denotes C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, R.sub.3 denotes hydrogen or methyl, n denotes a number from 5 to 100, m denotes an integer from 0 to 4 and x denotes the number of free valences of the particular R.sub.1 radical, a process for the preparation thereof, and the use thereof as fiber spin finishes.

Abstract: Urethanes made from aliphatic fluorinated alochols, isocyanates and substituted aromatic compounds, a process for their preparation, and their use.The novel urethanes are synthesized from an aliphatic fluorinated alcohol, an isocyanate and a specific substituted phenol or aniline compound. They are prepared by reacting an aliphatic fluorinated alcohol with a di- or triisocyanate to form a fluorinated alcohol/isocyanate adduct and reacting this adduct with a certain substituted phenol or aniline to form the urethanes intended. The novel urethanes are preferably used for oleophobic and hydrophobic finishing of textiles and leather.

Abstract: Amino-containing alkenylsuccinic esters of the formulae ##STR1## where R denotes linear or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl, R.sub.1 denotes hydroxy-C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, R.sub.2 denotes methyl or ethyl, R.sub.3 denotes C.sub.6 -C.sub.20 -alkyl, preferably C.sub.12 -C.sub.18 -alkyl, or C.sub.6 -C.sub.20 -alkenyl, preferably C.sub.12 -C.sub.18 -alkenyl, A denotes --C.sub.2 H.sub.4 -- or C.sub.3 H.sub.7 -- and n denotes a number from 1 to 10, preferably from 3 to 8, the preparation thereof and the use thereof as thermostable lubricants in spin finishes.

Abstract: Novel alkanephosphonic monoester salts, preparation thereof and use thereof as spin finishes for textile fibersAlkylphosphonic monoester salts of the formula ##STR1## where R, if p=1, is alkyl, and, if p=4, a carbon atom, R.sup.1 denotes C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, A denotes C.sub.2 H.sub.4 and/or C.sub.3 H.sub.7, m denotes a number from 15 to 35, R.sup.2 denotes C.sub.6 -C.sub.24 -alkyl, n denotes a number from 0 to 15, and p denotes 1 or 4 . These compounds are suitable for use as spin finishes for textile fibers and are distinguished by very good thermostability.

Abstract: The molecule of the new urethanes contains an aliphatic fluoroalcohol, an isocyanate and an aromatic dihydroxy, diamino, aminohydroxy, aminocarboxy or hydroxycarboxy compound. They are prepared by reacting an aliphatic fluoroalcohol with a diisocyanate or triisocyanate to give the fluoroalcohol/isocyanate adduct and by reacting this adduct with said aromatic compound to give the desired urethanes composed of an aliphatic fluoroalcohol, an isocyanate and the bifunctional aromatic compound mentioned, and also be reacting a urethane of this type which also carries an active hydrogen atom on the bifunctional aromatic compound, with an isocyanate compound containing one or more isocyanate groups. The new urethanes are preferably used for imparting an oleophobic and hydrophobic finish to textiles and leather.

Abstract: The novel urethanes, in addition to at least one perfluoroalkyl group, also contain epichlorohydrin groups and dialcohol radicals in the molecule. They are prepared by reacting a fluorine-containing alcohol with epichlorohydrin to give the perfluoroalkyl-epichlorohydrin adduct, reacting this adduct with a di- or triisocyanate to give the perfluoroalkyl-epichlorohydrin-isocyanate adduct and by reacting this adduct with a dialcohol or a monoetherified dialcohol to give the desired urethanes having a perfluoroalkyl group and having epichlorohydrin groups and dialcohol radicals, and by reacting a suitable urethane compound of this type with a perfluoroalkyl-containing di- or triisocyanate to give the desired urethanes having a plurality of perfluoroalkyl groups and having epichlorohydrin groups and dialcoholradicals. The novel urethanes are preferably used for the oleophobic and hydrophobic finishing of textiles.

Abstract: Polycoester of the formula IE--CO--R--CO--O--R.sup.1 --O--CO--R--CO).sub.n E.sup.1 (I)in whichR is 60 to 85 mol % 1,3-phenylene radicals, 5 to 20 mol % tetramethylene radicals and 10 to 20 mol % for example radicals of the formula IIa ##STR1## R.sup.1 is 60 to 95 mol % ethylene radicals (--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --), 0 to 28 mol % 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propylene radicals and 5 to 12 mol % polyoxyethylene radicals having an average molecular weight up to 600 andR.sup.2 denotes for example SO.sub.3 H andE, E.sup.1 denote for example --OH andn is a sufficiently large number that the polycoester has an average molecular weight between 15,000 and 40,000, are used in the form of their aqueous solutions as sizing agents.

Abstract: The novel urethanes correspond to the formula I below ##STR1## in which a denotes a number from 5 to 17 and b denotes a number from 1 to 7. These urethanes are prepared by reacting the corresponding perfluoroalkylethanol/epichlorohydrin adducts with toluelene diisocyanates. The novel aqueous dispersions are essentially composed of the novel urethanes, cationic or betaine emulsifiers and non-ionic emulsifiers, water-insoluble carboxylic and/or dicarboxylic acid esters and alkanediols or polyalkanediols which can be etherified on one or both sides, in water.The novel urethanes and the novel aqueous dispersions are used to impart an oleophobic and hydrophobic finish to textiles, leather and furs. They are also suitable for the treatment of unpainted timber, for example unpainted furniture.

Abstract: Dressing agents for synthetic fibers, which contain an amine oxide of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 denotes C.sub.5 -C.sub.22 alkyl or C.sub.5 -C.sub.22 alkenyl, R.sub.2 denotes a group of the formula ##STR2## R.sub.3 denotes C.sub.5 -C.sub.22 alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.22 alkenyl or a group of the formula 2, either X denotes methyl and Y denotes hydrogen or X denotes hydrogen and Y denotes methyl, and n and m denote numbers from 2 to 8, it being necessary that the total of n and m does not exceed 10.

Abstract: Polyvinyl alcohol modified by reaction with formaldehyde and amidosulfonic acid at a pH value of 4 to 7, which value is established by the addition of an organic amine. This modified polyvinyl alcohol is suitable for use as a sizing agent for yarns.

Abstract: A sizing agent consisting substantially of polyvinyl alcohol and polyglycerol.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the manufacture of viscoses from hemicellulose-containing cellulose pulps without requiring dialysis equipment. By addition of substances having a cross-linking or blocking action on the active groups of hemicellulose to the pulp before or during steeping it is possible to reduce the use of NaOH and CS.sub.2 in the manufacture of viscoses.The viscoses so obtained are distinguished by good filterability and low content of compounds causing formation of H.sub.2 S in the spinning process.

Abstract: Agent for the liquid paraffin waxing of yarns which consists of(a) from 5 to 20% of paraffin, melting range of 45.degree. to 60.degree. C.;(b) from 2 to 10% of one or several alkyl imidazolines of the formula I ##STR1## in which R is C.sub.12 -C.sub.22 -alkyl, alkenyl or hydroxyalkyl,R.sub.1 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.22 -saturated or unsaturated aliphatic or aromatic acyl,R.sub.2 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -hydroxyalkyl,n is a number of from 2 to 6, andX is a halogen anion, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl sulfate anion, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -dialkyl phosphate anion, or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl carboxylate anion;(c) from 1 to 5% of one or several aminoxides of the formula II ##STR2## in which R is C.sub.8 -C.sub.12 -alkyl or alkenyl,R.sub.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl,R.sub.2 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, andn is a number of from 0 to 6, and (d) from 5 to 20% of one or several polyglycol ethers of the formula IIIR--O--(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.n --H III,in whichR is C.sub.

Abstract: A sizing composition consisting of a polyvinyl alcohol and of from 1 to 30, preferably 5 to 15, weight %, referred to the polyvinyl alcohol, of an amine oxide of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is C.sub.5 -C.sub.22 alkyl,R.sub.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.22 alkyl or a group of the formula--(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.n H with n being an integer of from 1 to 5 andR.sub.3 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl or a group of the formula--(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.m H with m being an integer of from 1 to 10, if R.sub.2 is alkyl having not more than 5 carbon atoms, the sum of n+m being not greater than 10.

Abstract: A fiber preparation containing or consisting of a polyglycol ether mixed formal of the formulaR.sub.1 --(OC.sub.2 H.sub.4).sub.n --OCH.sub.2 OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OR.sub.2in which R.sub.1 is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical of from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 is a linear alkyl radical of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and n is an integer of from 3 to 30.

Abstract: Easily dispersible compositions of(a) one part by weight of fluorocarbon resin,(b) from 1 to 10 parts by weight of a compound of the general formula ##STR1## in which R is C.sub.8 -C.sub.22 alkyl or alkenyl and R.sup.1 is hydrogen or hydroxyethyl, and(c) from 1 to 10 parts by weight of a compound of the general formulaR--(O--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2).sub.x --OHin which R is C.sub.8 -C.sub.22 alkyl or alkenyl and x is a number of from 15 to 50, preferably from 20 to 30.These compositions, which are prepared by melting the fluorocarbon resin together with the compounds (b) and (c), are readily dispersible in water and the obtained dispersions, which are stable to storage are used for the dirt-repelling finishing of textiles, leather or paper and as fiber conditioning compositions.