Abstract: A magnetic sensor having at least a first and at least a second structure of soft-magnetic material that are spatially separated and define a first gap therebetween. The first and second structure of soft-magnetic material are adapted to form a gap magnetic field pointing in a direction substantially perpendicular to the elongation of the first gap in the vicinity of the first gap in response to an external magnetic field. Additionally, the magnetic sensor comprises at least a first magnetoresistive layered structure that is positioned in the vicinity of the first gap including inside the first gap and that is sensitive to the gap magnetic field.

Abstract: A non-contact sensor system according to one embodiment comprises a substrate having at least one sensor element, the at least one sensor element being directed towards at least one data track on a medium positioned opposite the at least one sensor element, wherein the substrate and the medium each carry at least one magnetic track, wherein orientations of magnetizations of the magnetic tracks are such that the substrate experiences a force away from the medium. Other embodiments are also presented.

Abstract: A magnetic sensor having at least a first and at least a second structure of soft-magnetic material that are spatially separated and define a first gap therebetween. The first and second structure of soft-magnetic material are adapted to form a gap magnetic field pointing in a direction substantially perpendicular to the elongation of the first gap in the vicinity of the first gap in response to an external magnetic field. Additionally, the magnetic sensor comprises at least a first magnetoresistive layered structure that is positioned in the vicinity of the first gap including inside the first gap and that is sensitive to the gap magnetic field.

Abstract: A method, a magnetic field sensor, and an electronic device measure and determine the magnitude and/or the direction of a magnetic field. The magnetic sensor is based on at least a first magnetoresistive-layered structure having an electric resistance depending on the magnitude of the magnetic field. The magnetic sensor generates at least a first offset magnetic field. The magnitude and the direction of the offset magnetic field can be modified to compensate the magnetic field. The electric resistance of the magnetoresistive-layered structure depends on the superposition of magnetic field and offset magnetic field. A maximum electric resistance indicates that the magnetic field is compensated by the offset magnetic field. In this case the magnitude of the magnetic field corresponds to the magnitude of the offset magnetic field, and the direction of the magnetic field is given by the reversed direction of the offset magnetic field.

Abstract: A magnetic field sensor device comprising a substrate having at least a first tilted planar section having a surface normal at a first angle with respect to a surface normal of the substrate, and at least a first magnetoresistive layered structure positioned at the at least first tilted section. Methods for manufacturing magnetic field sensor devices are also presented.

Abstract: Methods of reorienting ferromagnetic layers of a plurality of magnetoresistive elements and structures formed by the methods. The plurality of magnetoresistive elements, preferably GMR multilayer elements, are manufactured and arranged on a planar substrate. The method effectively allows selective orientation and reorientation of distinct ferromagnetic layers of a subset of the magnetoresistive elements on the substrate. The methods make either use of subsequent annealing processes making use of magnetic fields pointing in different directions. Prior to application of a subsequent annealing process, a complimentary subset of magnetoresistive elements is effectively shielded by selective deposition of a soft-magnetic shielding layer. Alternatively, a single annealing process can be performed when an externally applied magnetic field is locally modified by soft-magnetic structures, such as fluxguides.

Abstract: Methods of reorienting ferromagnetic layers of a plurality of magnetoresistive elements and structures formed by the methods. The plurality of magnetoresistive elements, preferably GMR multilayer elements, are manufactured and arranged on a planar substrate. The method effectively allows selective orientation and reorientation of distinct ferromagnetic layers of a subset of the magnetoresistive elements on the substrate. The methods make either use of subsequent annealing processes making use of magnetic fields pointing in different directions. Prior to application of a subsequent annealing process, a complimentary subset of magnetoresistive elements is effectively shielded by selective deposition of a soft-magnetic shielding layer. Alternatively, a single annealing process can be performed when an externally applied magnetic field is locally modified by soft-magnetic structures, such as fluxguides.

Abstract: A magnetoresistive assembly includes at least a first and a second magnetoresistive element formed on a common substrate, the at least first magnetoresistive element comprising a first pinned ferromagnetic layer being magnetized in a first direction, the at least second magnetoresistive element comprising a second pinned ferromagnetic layer being magnetized in a second direction different than the first direction.

Abstract: A method of measuring an external magnetic field pointing in a first direction substantially parallel to a surface normal to an at least first magnetoresistive layered structure deposited on a planar substrate, the method comprising: applying the external magnetic field to the planar substrate having at least one structure of soft-magnetic material being adapted to at least partially deflect the external magnetic field in a direction substantially parallel to the surface of the at least first magnetoresistive layered structure, the at least one structure of soft-magnetic material being arranged in the vicinity of the at least first magnetoresistive layered structure; measuring the electrical resistance of the at least first magnetoresistive layered structure, the electrical resistance depending on the magnitude and/or direction of magnetic field being deflected by the at least one structure of soft-magnetic material, and determining at least one of the magnitude and direction of the external magnetic field us

Abstract: A heat exchange system for blade server systems is disclosed, wherein said blade server system contains a plurality of server blades arranged in a blade center, wherein the heat exchange system comprises first heat sinks associated to each of said plurality of server blades, and whereby the first heat sinks are adapted to collect heat emitted from heat emitting devices on said associated server blade; means for transferring heat from the heat emitting devices to the first heat sinks; and a liquid cooled second heat sink associated to said blade center, whereby said first heat sinks are connected to said second heat sink by thermal coupling.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a magnetic field sensor device in one embodiment includes applying a mask on a substrate, performing a wet etching procedure on the substrate for generating at least a first groove having tilted side walls, and depositing at least one layer of magnetoresistive material onto a section of the surface of at least a first tilted side wall of the groove. A method of manufacturing a magnetic field sensor device on a substrate having a plurality of tilted planar sections, each of the tilted planar sections having a surface normal angled with respect to a surface normal of the substrate is also provided.

Abstract: A non-contact sensor system according to one embodiment comprises a substrate having at least one sensor element, the at least one sensor element being directed towards at least one data track on a medium positioned opposite the at least one sensor element, wherein the substrate and the medium each carry at least one magnetic track, wherein orientations of magnetizations of the magnetic tracks are such that the substrate experiences a force away from the medium. Other embodiments are also presented.

Abstract: A non-contact sensor system according to one embodiment includes a substrate having a substantially planar surface with at least one sensor element mounted to the substrate, the at least one sensor element being directed by a guiding element towards at least one data track on a substantially planar medium positioned opposite the at least one sensor element, wherein the substantially planar surface of the substrate and the substantially planar surface of the medium each carry at least one magnetic track, wherein orientations of magnetizations of the magnetic tracks are such that the substrate experiences a force away from the medium.

Abstract: A method, a magnetic field sensor, and an electronic device measure and determine the magnitude and/or the direction of a magnetic field. The magnetic sensor is based on at least a first magnetoresistive-layered structure having an electric resistance depending on the magnitude of the magnetic field. The magnetic sensor generates at least a first offset magnetic field. The magnitude and the direction of the offset magnetic field can be modified to compensate the magnetic field. The electric resistance of the magnetoresistive-layered structure depends on the superposition of magnetic field and offset magnetic field. A maximum electric resistance indicates that the magnetic field is compensated by the offset magnetic field. In this case the magnitude of the magnetic field corresponds to the magnitude of the offset magnetic field, and the direction of the magnetic field is given by the reversed direction of the offset magnetic field.

Abstract: A high-resolution magnetic encoder system includes a magnetic resistive sensor, a fixed suspension, and a mechanism. The magnetic resistive sensor is mounted to the fixed suspension above a magnetic medium having at least one magnetic track. The fixed suspension is attached to the mechanism, such as a housing, a substrate, and/or an electronic board. The sensor is adapted to perform a relative movement with respect to and in close contact to the surface of the magnetic medium. The magnetic medium may be protected by an overcoat layer. The magnetic resistive sensor may be Giant Magnetic-Resistive (GMR) sensor and/or a Tunneling Magnetic-Resistive Sensor (TMR).

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a thin-film coil assembly. The coil assembly includes a substrate, at least two layers of conductive material on top of the substrate, and one layer of insulating material between the two layers of conductive material, wherein the two layers of conductive material are in contact with two interconnects, respectively, which extends substantially vertical to the substrate.

Abstract: A non-contact sensor system according to one embodiment includes a substrate having a substantially planar surface with at least one sensor element mounted to the substrate, the at least one sensor element being directed by a guiding element towards at least one data track on a substantially planar medium positioned opposite the at least one sensor element, wherein the substantially planar surface of the substrate and the substantially planar surface of the medium each carry at least one magnetic track, wherein orientations of magnetizations of the magnetic tracks are such that the substrate experiences a force away from the medium.

Abstract: A non-contact magnetic sensor system according to one embodiment includes a substrate and a magnetic medium spaced from the substrate and having a data track thereon. A sensor element is mounted to the substrate. A guiding element biases the substrate towards the magnetic medium. A first magnetic track is positioned on the substrate. A second magnetic track is positioned on the magnetic medium. Orientations of the magnetizations of the magnetic tracks are such that the substrate experiences a vertical force away from the magnetic medium.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a thin-film coil assembly. The coil assembly includes a substrate, at least two layers of conductive material on top of the substrate, and one layer of insulating material between the two layers of conductive material, wherein the two layers of conductive material are in contact with two interconnects, respectively, which extends substantially vertical to the substrate.

Abstract: A magnetic field sensor device comprising a substrate having at least a first tilted planar section having a surface normal at a first angle with respect to a surface normal of the substrate, and at least a first magnetoresistive layered structure positioned at the at least first tilted section. Methods for manufacturing magnetic field sensor devices are also presented.

Abstract: In the process of producing a linear alternating polymer of carbon monoxide and at least one ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon in the presence of a palladium salt, the anion of a strong non-hydrohalogenic acid and a bis(phosphino)propane, improved polymerization rates are obtained when employing a novel catalyst composition formed from a novel 1,3-bis(phosphino)propane wherein the propane moiety is additionally substituted in the 2 position with two hydrocarbyl substituents.