Abstract: A powder press has a lower die having an upper face and forming a cavity open upward at the face, a vertically shiftable lower piston downwardly closing the cavity, an upper piston vertically shiftable downward into the cavity, and filler shiftable between an inner position closely juxtaposed with the cavity and an outer position remote from the cavity for pouring a fluent powder into the cavity in the inner position and forming therein a powder mass. An actuator upwardly shifts the lower piston and thereby pushes up the powder mass such that a portion of it projects above the face. An element carried on the filler and shiftable over the surface scrapes away the portion of the mass projecting above the surface.

Abstract: An apparatus for pressing a mass into a coherent workpiece has a mold body defining a chamber and a mold liner in the chamber having a generally cylindrical pressing surface centered on an axis, directed in one radial direction, and defining a mold cavity and an opposite surface directed in an opposite radial direction. A plunger is engageable axially in the cavity. The cavity holds the mass in engagement with the pressing surface and with the plunger. The plunger can be pressed axially against the mass and thereby compress the mass in the cavity. A force, typically effected hydraulically, is exerted against the liner in the one radial direction between the mold body and the opposite surface of the liner to thereby elastically deform the liner in the one radial direction toward the mass and radially compress the liner and mass in the cavity.

Abstract: An apparatus for pressing a mass into a coherent workpiece has a mold body defining a chamber and a mold liner in the chamber having a generally cylindrical pressing surface centered on an axis, directed in one radial direction, and defining a mold cavity and an opposite surface directed in an opposite radial direction. A plunger is engageable axially in the cavity. The cavity holds the mass in engagement with the pressing surface and with the plunger. The plunger can be pressed axially against the mass and thereby compress the mass in the cavity. A force, typically effected hydraulically, is exerted against the liner in the one radial direction between the mold body and the opposite surface of the liner to thereby elastically deform the liner in the one radial direction toward the mass and radially compress the liner and mass in the cavity.

Abstract: Following the discharge of steel from a steel producing converter, the adding and inclusion of nitrogen is impeded by surrounding the stream of pouring steel with a layer of limestone at a grain size not exceeding 5 mm. Practice has shown that the nitrogen content can well remain below a content of 0.005%.