Abstract: An apparatus for providing two features that improve fuel economy of four stroke internal combustion engines. The first is the provision of a compression ratio which is higher than normal when the engine is operating at light load; and which varies from very high at idling, down to normal at full power. This is effected by a movable piston associated with the inlet valve and connected to the throttle. The second is the provision of variable timing as well as a variable amount of opening of the inlet valve, such that at idle, the valve opens at top center of the main piston, opens only a fraction of its full lift, and closes about 70° crankshaft past top center. As the throttle is opened, the inlet valve opens farther at each open excursion to create as little flow resistance as possible to the inlet draw.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing two features that improve fuel economy of four stroke internal combustion engines. The first is the provision of a compression ratio which is higher than normal when the engine is operating at light load; and which varies from very high at idling, down to normal at full power. This is effected by a movable piston associated with the inlet valve and connected to the throttle. The second is the provision of variable timing as well as a variable amount of opening of the inlet valve, such that at idle, the valve opens at top center of the main piston, opens only a fraction of its full lift, and closes about 70° crankshaft past top center. As the throttle is opened, the inlet valve opens farther at each open excursion to create as little flow resistance as possible to the inlet draw.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having one or more power pistons reciprocating in one or more cylinders has at least one fuel inlet valve of the piston type at each cylinder. An inlet valve sleeve has an open end at the top of the cylinder and has fuel inlet ports situated away from the cylinder. A valve piston in the sleeve is movable towards the cylinder and away from the cylinder by an actuator system to open and close the valve. The actuator system varies timing and duration of the open periods of the valve to control engine power output thereby eliminating any need for a throttle valve and its attendant power losses. Valve piston movement also varies the effective compression ratio in the engine cylinder as a function of power output thereby further increasing fuel efficiency.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having one or more power pistons reciprocating in one or more cylinders has at least one fuel inlet valve of the piston type at each cylinder. An inlet valve sleeve has an open end at the top of the cylinder and has fuel inlet ports situated away from the cylinder. A valve piston in the sleeve is movable towards the cylinder and away from the cylinder by an actuator system to open and close the valve. The actuator system varies timing and duration of the open periods of the valve to control engine power output thereby eliminating any need for a throttle valve and its attendant power losses. Valve piston movement also varies the effective compression ratio in the engine cylinder as a function of power output thereby further increasing fuel efficiency.

Abstract: Improved multistrand Rutherford-type superconducting cable (42) is produced in a flattened form with two layers of helically wound strands (33) and in which the strands are alternately twisted about their lengths equally and in opposite directions to provide a flat cable with improved stability. In particular, the cable (42) is made by guiding multifilament wire strands (33) from spools (32) on a rotating turret (11) to a fixed tapered forming mandrel (22) where they are wound diagonally around the mandrel and then rolled into a flattened shape. The spools (32) are located around the periphery of the turret and are rotatable about axes in a plane parallel to the turret (11) to unroll the wire. Sprocket assemblies (48 and 49) are driven by drive chains (68 and 76) to rotate alternate spools (32) equally and in opposite directions relative to the forming mandrel (22) so that the wire strands (33) are twisted prior to being wound on the mandrel (22).