Abstract: A cold reduced, non-aging, aluminum killed steel characterized by an elongated grain structure and having an r.sub.m value at least 1.8 produced from a slab having a reduced hot rolling temperature. A slab consisting essentially of .ltoreq.0.08% carbon, .ltoreq.0.1% acid sol. aluminum, .ltoreq.0.2% manganese, all percentages by weight, the balance iron and unavoidable impurities, is hot rolled to a sheet from a temperature less than 1260.degree. C. Preferably, the slab is continuously cast from a melt consisting essentially of 0.03-0.08% acid sol. aluminum, 0.003-0.007% total nitrogen, <0.20% manganese, wherein % acid sol. aluminum.times.% total nitrogen is within the range of 1.times.10.sup.-4 to 5.times.10.sup.-4 and is hot rolled from a temperature of 1093.degree.-1175.degree. C. The hot rolled sheet is descaled, cold reduced, batch annealed and temper rolled. Preferably, the cold reduced sheet is annealed in the range of 538.degree.-649.degree. C.

Abstract: A non-aging, cold reduced, recrystallization annealed, low manganese, aluminum killed steel having an r.sub.m value greater than 1.8 produced from a slab having a reduced hot rolling temperature. A slab consisting essentially of .ltoreq.0.08% carbon, .ltoreq.0.1% acid sol. aluminum, <0.20% manganese, all percentages by weight, the balance iron and unavoidable impurities, is hot rolled from a temperature less than about 1260.degree. C. Preferably, the steel has an r.sub.m value of greater than 2.0 after batch annealing and is produced from a slab reheated to a temperature less than about 1175.degree. C.

Abstract: A process of making aluminum killed, low manganese, deep drawing steel having a manganese content of up to 0.24%. The steel is hot rolled to hot band, cold rolled to final gauge, annealed and subjected to a small amount of temper rolling. In the annealing step, the steel is box annealed in coil form in such a manner that a coil cold spot temperature of at least about 1100.degree. F. (593.degree. C.) and below about 1250.degree. F. (677.degree. C.) is achieved.

Abstract: A process of producing non-aging, low carbon steel having substantially no yield point elongation in the annealed condition and freedom from critical grain growth. A molten steel having an analysis typical of steel intended for rimmed or killed drawing steel is vacuum degassed to decarburize to a maximum carbon content of about 0.015%, and columbium (niobium) is added in an amount at least sufficient to combine with the carbon present in the steel. The cast material is hot rolled, finishing at 1500.degree. - 1700.degree. F (about 1090.degree. - 1200.degree. K) and coiled at a temperature of about 1500.degree. F (about 1090.degree. K) or less. The columbium addition retards the rate of recrystallization of the cold rolled product, and a wide spectrum of mechanical properties can be obtained in the final product by control of the final annealing time and temperature within the range of 1000.degree. to 1700.degree. F (about 810.degree. to 1200.degree. K).

Abstract: A method for internal strengthening of articles formed from deep drawing quality low carbon steel strip or sheet containing about 0.02 to about 0.3% titanium in solution, up to about 0.3% columbium in solution, columbium when present being in an amount of at least 0.025% in solution, with the sum total of titanium and columbium in solution not exceeding about 0.3%, comprising the steps of heating the articles at a temperature of about 570.degree. to about 580.degree. C in a nitriding fluid for a time sufficient to form a total nitrogen concentration adjacent the surfaces of the articles at least substantially equal to the amount theoretically required to combine completely with the nitride-forming elements in the steel; and diffusion annealing the articles in a non-nitriding fluid at a temperature of about 595.degree. to about 815.degree. C for a time sufficient to complete through-thickness strengthening by reaction of the nitrogen with the nitride-forming elements.

Abstract: Deep drawing quality, low carbon steel is strengthened by alloy-nitrogen precipitation strengthening. A deoxidized, low carbon steel sheet or strip stock, or article formed therefrom, containing from about 0.02% to 0.2% titanium in solution, from about 0.025% to 0.3% columbium in solution, from about 0.025% to 0.3% zirconium in solution, singly or in admixture, is heat treated at 1100.degree. to 1300.degree. F (593.degree. to 705.degree. C) in an atmosphere containing 1% to 20% by volume ammonia for a time sufficient to produce an iron nitride surface layer, and then denitrided in a hydrogen-nitrogen atmosphere containing 6% to 50% hydrogen by volume at 1200.degree. to 1400.degree. F (649.degree. to 760.degree. C) for a time sufficient to remove the iron nitride surface layer and to reduce nitrogen in solid solution to less than 0.03% by weight.