Abstract: Various implementations include a combustion engine piston, including a skirt in a counter-part and including a first contact area of the piston in the counter-part, a head which extends transverse to a central axis, and a ring carrier which comprises at least two lands and at least two grooves for receiving the rings, including a first land adjoining the head and a second land situated between the first land and the skirt, wherein the lands include at least one contact land having a diameter greater than a minimum diameter of the skirt to form a second contact area of the piston in the counter-part, and wherein at least one contact land comprises a friction-reducing surface coating, formed at least on a radial sector covering an angle of at least 30 degrees, and up to on a single sector covering an angle of 360 degrees.

Abstract: Various implementations include a combustion engine piston, including a skirt in a counter-part and including a first contact area of the piston in the counter-part, a head which extends transverse to a central axis, and a ring carrier which comprises at least two lands and at least two grooves for receiving the rings, including a first land adjoining the head and a second land situated between the first land and the skirt, wherein the lands include at least one contact land having a diameter greater than a minimum diameter of the skirt to form a second contact area of the piston in the counter-part, and wherein at least one contact land comprises a friction-reducing surface coating, formed at least on a radial sector covering an angle of at least 30 degrees, and up to on a single sector covering an angle of 360 degrees.

Abstract: The magnitude (Y) of a data associated to a journey of an automotive vehicle is expressed by a function (f) of at least one input parameter (x). This method includes at least the steps of: a) defining a first model (ft=0) of the function; b) running the vehicle on a reference trip, the input parameter (x, m, p) and the magnitude (Y) being measured (YM, xM) during or at the end of the reference trip; c) computing a value (YC) of the magnitude by using the first model (ft=0) of the function (f) and the value of the parameter (xM) measured at step b); d) comparing the values (YM, YC) of the magnitude at said time; and e) adjusting the function (ft=1) in a way corresponding to the reduction of the difference between the measured value (YM) and the computed value (YC).

Abstract: The magnitude (Y) of a data associated to a journey of an automotive vehicle is expressed by a function (f) of at least one input parameter (x). This method includes at least the steps of: a) defining a first model (ft=0) of the function; b) running the vehicle on a reference trip, the input parameter (x, m, p) and the magnitude (Y) being measured (YM, xM) during or at the end of the reference trip; c) computing a value (YC) of the magnitude by using the first model (ft=0) of the function (f) and the value of the parameter (xM) measured at step b); d) comparing the values (YM, YC) of the magnitude at said time; and e) adjusting the function (ft=1) in a way corresponding to the reduction of the difference between the measured value (YM) and the computed value (YC).

Abstract: This internal combustion engine includes a plurality of cylinders, an air intake line, and an exhaust line. The internal combustion engine also includes a turbocharging system having at least one compressor stage and intake air cooling arrangement having at least one charge air cooler located upstream from the intake manifold. The internal combustion engine further includes an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) line rerouting a portion of the engine's exhaust gas into the air intake line at a point located upstream from the at least one charge air cooler. This engine therefore uses an heat exchanger to cool the EGR gas. Thus, EGR gas mixed with intake air flows through at least one change air cooler before entering the engine cylinders. The efficiency of this cooler—generally of the air/water type—makes it possible to significantly decrease the EGR gas temperature before it enters the cylinders.

Abstract: This internal combustion engine includes a plurality of cylinders, an air intake line, and an exhaust line. The internal combustion engine also includes a turbocharging system having at least one compressor stage and intake air cooling arrangement having at least one charge air cooler located upstream from the intake manifold. The internal combustion engine further includes an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) line rerouting a portion of the engine's exhaust gas into the air intake line at a point located upstream from the at least one charge air cooler. This engine therefore uses an heat exchanger to cool the EGR gas. Thus, EGR gas mixed with intake air flows through at least one change air cooler before entering the engine cylinders. The efficiency of this cooler—generally of the air/water type—makes it possible to significantly decrease the EGR gas temperature before it enters the cylinders.