Abstract: Aspects relate to delivering directed content using frequency capping concepts without third-party cookie technology or other user-identifiable information. Systems and methods are described for determining an estimated number of impressions a user may view or experience based on historical, anonymized data. A covisitation graph is used to estimate the number of times an unidentified user may see an item of directed content, within in a predetermined period of time, based on a single visit to a particular website. The covisitation graph accounts for and also provides for estimated views of the item of directed content on other websites deemed related to the particular website. Therefore the estimated delivery rate for that website can be calculated and used to enforce frequency capping principals.