Abstract: Planar permanent magnet edge-field quadrupoles for use in particle accelerating machines and in insertion devices designed to generate spontaneous or coherent radiation from moving charged particles are disclosed. The invention comprises four magnetized rectangular pieces of permanent magnet material with substantially similar dimensions arranged into two planar arrays situated to generate a field with a substantially dominant quadrupole component in regions close to the device axis.

Abstract: Micropole undulators for use in the generation of x-rays from moving charged particles are disclosed. Two rows of spaced apart poles are arranged so that each pole produces a magnetic field aligned with all other similar fields. The poles are the ends of "C"-shaped magnets. In each row, adjacent poles are separated by spacers made of a superconducting material.

Abstract: Micropole undulators for use in the generation of x-rays from moving charged particles and methods for manufacturing such undulators are disclosed.One type of micropole undulator has two jaws containing rows of spaced apart poles arranged so that each pole produces a magnetic field aligned with all other similar fields. An external biasing field extends through the jaws so that an overall undulator field of substantially sinusoidal shape and substantially zero average value extends along the undulator axis. Preferably, the poles are bars formed of a magnetizable, but unmagnetized, material so that, after the jaws are assembled, all of the bars can be magnetized simultaneously in a uniform magnetic field of suitable strength.

Abstract: A tunable monochromator includes an input transmission grating and an output transmission grating with intermediate deflectors for deflecting first order of radiation from the input grating to the output grating. The intermediate deflectors are mechanically coupled to the input and output gratings whereby the monochromator can be tuned. In a preferred embodiment the intermediate reflector may comprise one or more mirrors or one or more intermediate gratings. The monochromator is particularly useful with soft X-ray radiation from a ring synchrotron.