Abstract: Preparation of aliphatic alpha, beta-unsaturated carboxylic acids from the corresponding saturated acids by oxidative dehydrogenation, at a temperature between 250.degree. and 500.degree. C., in the presence of a catalyst of empirical formula: FeP.sub.x Me.sub.y Me'.sub.t O.sub.z wherein Me is at least one alkali or alkaline earth element, Me' is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ni, Cu, Ce, Al, Zr, Hf and Pr, x is between 0.2 and 15, y is between 0.01 and 2, t is between 0.01 and 5 and z is such as to satisfy the valencies of the other elements.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid by reacting in vapor phase acrolein or methacrolein with molecular oxygen or with an oxygen-containing gas, at a temperature between 200.degree. and 350.degree. C., in the presence of a solid catalyst and with a contact time between 0.5 and 5 seconds, characterized in that said catalyst consists of molybdenum, vanadium, tungsten, one or more of the elements selected from the class consisting of silver, titanium, chromium, cerium, lanthanum and tantalum, and oyxgen chemically combined with the above-indicated elements, and wherein the atomic ratios between the various elements present in the catalyst are represented by the empirical formula:Mo.sub.12 V.sub.a W.sub.b X.sub.c O.sub.dwhereinX represents one or more of the elements Ag, Ti, Cr, Ce, La, Ta;a varies between 0.5 and 10;b varies between 0.5 and 8;c varies between 0.1 and 3 for X=Ag and from 0.

Abstract: Preparation of zeolites having the formula:(1.5.+-.0.6) M.sub.2/n O.Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.ySiO.sub.2.zH.sub.2 O[wherein y ranges from 20 to 90, z ranges from 2 to 12, M is at least one cation and n is the valence of M], comprising the admixing of diethyl-piperidinium hydroxide, or a salt thereof, with H.sub.2 O and with at least one Na compound, one Al compound and one Si compound, the molar ratios (ratios of oxides) being:SiO.sub.2 :Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 =from 20 to 120;H.sub.2 O:Na.sub.2 O=from 50 to 600;Na.sub.2 O:SiO.sub.2 =from 0.07 to 0.50;(DEPP).sub.2 O:SiO.sub.2 =from 0.05 to 0.50.The invention concerns also the thus obtained zeolites and their use for acid-catalyzed conversions of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing acrylic acid or methacrylic acid comprising reacting in vapor phase acrolein or methacrolein (respectively) with molecular oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas, at a temperature between 200.degree. and 350.degree. C, in the presence of a solid catalyst, and with a contact time between 0.5 and 5 seconds, characterized in that the solid catalyst comprises molybdenum, vanadium, tungsten, cobalt, chromium and oxgyen chemically combined with these elements, the atomic ratios among the aforesaid elements being represented by the empirical formula: Mo.sub.12 V.sub.a W.sub.b Co.sub.c Cr.sub.d O.sub.e, wherein:a is between 0.5 and 10,b is between 0.5 and 8,c is between 1 and 6,d is between 0.1 and 3, ande is a number sufficient to satisfy the valence requirements of the other elements;And with the further proviso that a+b+c is equal to or greater than 8.5.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, comprising reacting in vapor phase acrolein or methacrolein with molecular oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas, at a temperature between 200.degree. and 350.degree.C, in the presence of a solid catalyst, and with a contact time between 0.5 and 5 seconds, wherein the catalyst consists of molybdenum, vanadium, tin, and one of the elements chromium, nickel, manganese, as well as oxygen chemically combined with the above-indicated elements, the atomic ratios of the elements being represented by the empirical formula:Mo.sub.12 V.sub.a Sn.sub.b X.sub.c O.sub.dWherein:X is Cr or Ni or Mn;a is between 0.5 and 10;b is between 0.4 and 4;c is between 0.3 and 3.5; andd is a number that satisfies all the valency requirements of the other elements.The catalyst may be used on a carrier, and the oxidation reaction may be carried out in the presence of an inert gaseous diluent or water vapor.

Abstract: Alpha, beta-unsaturated acids are obtained by gas-phase catalytic oxidation of saturated acids containing from 3 to 8 carbon atoms. The catalyst used has the empirical compositionFeP.sub.x Me.sub.y O.sub.zin whichMe is one or more of the elements Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba;x is 0.2 to 3;y is 0.01 to 2; andz is a value corresponding to the average valences of the elements in the oxidation states in which they exist in the catalyst.THE PRIOR ARTThe catalytic dehydrogenation of lower aliphatic acids is known and has been described previously. According to one known process, for example, a metal oxide is used as a catalyst and reagent, and dehydrogenation is conducted in the absence of molecular oxygen.