Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel recombinant nucleic acids for introducing yeast chromosomal elements into the genomes of bacteria. The invention provides methods to convert the modified bacterial genomes into artificial yeast chromosomes by fusing the bacteria with yeast that linearize the modified bacterial genomes, to produce artificial chromosomes.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel recombinant nucleic acids for introducing yeast chromosomal elements into the genomes of bacteria. The invention provides methods to convert the modified bacterial genomes into artificial yeast chromosomes by fusing the bacteria with yeast that linearize the modified bacterial genomes, to produce artificial chromosomes.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel recombinant nucleic acids for introducing yeast chromosomal elements into the genomes of bacteria. The invention provides methods to convert the modified bacterial genomes into artificial yeast chromosomes by fusing the bacteria with yeast that linearize the modified bacterial genomes, to produce artificial chromosomes.

Abstract: The invention discloses methods for effecting the production of recombinant mammalian procollagen in yeast, as well as compositions comprising yeast cells cap producing mammalian procollagen.

Abstract: A monolithic structure for use as a pressure bulkhead for an aircraft includes a first web, a redundant second web spaced from the first web, stiffeners disposed between and connecting the webs to each other, and first and second outer attachment rings respectively provided on the outer peripheries of the first and second webs for attaching the bulkhead to fuselage structure. One of the webs comprises a pressure web for supporting pressure loading, and the other web defines at least one aperture therethrough. The stiffeners are integrally fabricated along with at least one of the webs and associated attachment ring as a one-piece monolithic part.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for simplified recombinant production of fibrillar collagens. DNAs encoding fibrillar collagen monomers lacking the N propeptide, the C propeptide, or both propeptides are introduced into recombinant host cells and expressed. Trimeric collagen is recovered from the recombinant host cells.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for simplified recombinant production of fibrillar collagens. DNAs encoding fibrillar collagen monomers lacking the N propeptide, the C propeptide, or both propeptides are introduced into recombinant host cells and expressed. Trimeric collagen is recovered from the recombinant host cells.

Abstract: A monolithic structure for use as a pressure bulkhead for an aircraft includes a first web, a redundant second web spaced from the first web, stiffeners disposed between and connecting the webs to each other, and first and second outer attachment rings respectively provided on the outer peripheries of the first and second webs for attaching the bulkhead to fuselage structure. One of the webs comprises a pressure web for supporting pressure loading, and the other web defines at least one aperture therethrough. The stiffeners are integrally fabricated along with at least one of the webs and associated attachment ring as a one-piece monolithic part.

Abstract: A monolithic structure for use as a pressure bulkhead for an aircraft includes a first web, a redundant second web spaced from the first web, stiffeners disposed between and connecting the webs to each other, and first and second outer attachment rings respectively provided on the outer peripheries of the first and second webs for attaching the bulkhead to fuselage structure. One of the webs comprises a pressure web for supporting pressure loading, and the other web defines at least one aperture therethrough. The stiffeners are integrally fabricated along with at least one of the webs and associated attachment ring as a one-piece monolithic part.

Abstract: DNA expression vectors capable, in a transformant strain of yeast, of expressing a polypeptide under the control of a genetically distinct yeast promoter, processes of forming transformant strains of yeast and transformed yeast strains are disclosed.

Abstract: DNA expression vectors capable, in a transformant strain of yeast, of expressing a polypeptide under the control of a genetically distinct yeast promoter, processes of forming transformant strains of yeast and transformed yeast strains are disclosed.

Abstract: DNA expression vectors capable, in a transformant strain of yeast, of expressing a polypeptide under the control of a genetically distinct yeast promoter, processes of forming transformant strains of yeast and transformed yeast strains are disclosed.

Abstract: A DNA expression vector capable, in a transformant strain of yeast, of expressing a biologically competent polypeptide ordinarily exogenous to yeast under the control of a genetically distinct yeast promoter, the polypeptide not being required for the growth of the transformant; the process of forming the transformant strain of yeast; and the transformant strain of yeast.

Abstract: Described herein is the secretion from yeast of heterologous protein via a preprotein in which the heterologous protein is fused to the signal peptide of a yeast protein. The preprotein is processed by the cells to produce and secrete mature heterologous protein.

Abstract: Metallothionein transcription control sequences, promoters or inducing regions, free of DNA encoding metallothionein, are used to inducibly express genes encoding polypeptides of interest. Vectors and host expression systems using the transciption control sequences, promoters and/or inducing regions are provided.

Abstract: Novel compositions and methods employing the compositions are provided involving eukaryotic plasmids having a replication system or replicon from an extrachromosomal element, a chromosomal replicator, and the regulatory signals of the structural gene for yeast 3-phosphoglycerokinase controlling expression of a structural gene. The plasmids find particular use in yeast for production of poly(amino acids).

Abstract: Hepatitis surface antigen is synthesized in recombinant yeast hosts transformed with vectors encoding hepatitis surface antigen, preferably under the control of the yeast PGK promoter and preferably in the absence of DNA encoding the surface antigen precursor. Hepatitis surface antigen is assembled by yeast into antigenic 22 nm particles even though hepatitis surface antigen bacterial transformants were not known to be capable of assembling the surface antigen into 22 nm particles.

Abstract: Yeast organisms are caused to express, process, and secrete protein that is normally heterologous to yeast and not required for its viability by transforming yeast with an expression vector containing a gene encoding heterologous protein and a signal sequence also heterologous to yeast.