Abstract: A voltage divider for high precision voltage measurement has one or more pair of potentiometers. The wipers of each pair of potentiometers are ganged so that the sum of their resistances relative to a first end of the respective potentiometer is a constant. An output potentiometer or a pair of resistors provide an output for measuring the output voltage. The resolution of the voltage divider is the product of the resolution of each potentiometer pair and the output potentiometer.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, hardware, and computer program product for measuring a parameter related to the height of a liquid in a measurement vessel. An alternating voltage is applied to an input rod positioned in a reference vessel containing the liquid at a known height. A reference signal is obtained from a collector rod positioned in the reference vessel. An alternating voltage is also applied to an input rod positioned in the measurement vessel, and a measurement signal is obtained from a collector rod positioned in the measurement vessel. A parameter related to height of liquid in the measurement vessel is obtained based upon a relationship between the reference voltage and the measurement voltage, wherein the parameter is substantially independent of the electrical conductivity of the liquid in the vessels. Circuitry for determining the height is described.

Abstract: A voltage divider for high precision voltage measurement has one or more pair of potentiometers. The wipers of each pair of potentiometers are ganged so that the sum of their resistances relative to a first end of the respective potentiometer is a constant. An output potentiometer or a pair of resistors provide an output for measuring the output voltage. The resolution of the voltage divider is the product of the resolution of each potentiometer pair and the output potentiometer.