Abstract: A prone CT breast x-ray imaging system is described that can image a full breast to create a conventional two-dimensional digital image in very high resolution (e.g., ?25 micron pixels). The system is capable of imaging the entire breast in three-dimensional based on multiple projection views from a one-dimensional or two-dimensional detector. Data can be acquired and reconstructed with a limited number of views from limited angles or with conventional cone beam CT algorithms. The resulting three-dimensional image enables the detection and diagnosis of fine micro calcifications and small masses as may be distributed throughout the breast, thus allowing radiologists to make an improved determination of malignancy as opposed to conventional two-dimensional digital mammography. In addition, the injection of intravenous contrast in conjunction with or without pre and post contrast subtraction imaging provides a radiologist with morphologic information on the existing tumor burden in the breast.

Abstract: A prone CT breast x-ray imaging system is described that can image a full breast to create a conventional two-dimensional digital image in very high resolution (e.g., ?25 micron pixels). The system is capable of imaging the entire breast in three-dimensional based on multiple projection views from a one-dimensional or two-dimensional detector. Data can be acquired and reconstructed with a limited number of views from limited angles or with conventional cone beam CT algorithms. The resulting three-dimensional image enables the detection and diagnosis of fine micro calcifications and small masses as may be distributed throughout the breast, thus allowing radiologists to make an improved determination of malignancy as opposed to conventional two-dimensional digital mammography. In addition, the injection of intravenous contrast in conjunction with or without pre and post contrast subtraction imaging provides a radiologist with morphologic information on the existing tumor burden in the breast.

Abstract: A prone CT breast x-ray imaging system is described that can image a full breast to create a conventional two-dimensional digital image in very high resolution (e.g., ?25 micron pixels). The system is capable of imaging the entire breast in three-dimensional based on multiple projection views from a one-dimensional or two-dimensional detector. Data can be acquired and reconstructed with a limited number of views from limited angles or with conventional cone beam CT algorithms. The resulting three-dimensional image enables the detection and diagnosis of fine micro calcifications and small masses as may be distributed throughout the breast, thus allowing radiologists to make an improved determination of malignancy as opposed to conventional two-dimensional digital mammography. In addition, the injection of intravenous contrast in conjunction with or without pre and post contrast subtraction imaging provides a radiologist with morphologic information on the existing tumor burden in the breast.

Abstract: An electrosurgical generator has a control system formed by an array of logic gates programmed to execute mathematical algorithms for regulating at least one parameter of output power, output voltage or output current of an output electrosurgical signal in a closed loop response to sensed values of the output voltage and the output current.

Abstract: Voltage and current of an electrosurgical output signal which is conducted by a transformer are accurately simulated by executing a simulation algorithm to compensate for inherent distortion in the values of the current and voltage induced between primary and secondary windings of the transformer. The simulation algorithm is executed in response to voltage and current signals from a primary winding of the transformer, which may be a power output transformer or part of an electrosurgical output signal sensor.

Abstract: A prone CT breast x-ray imaging system is described that can image a full breast to create a conventional 2D digital image in very high resolution (e.g. <=25 micron pixels). The system is capable of imaging the entire breast in 3D based on multiple projection views from a 1D or 2D detector. Data can be acquired and reconstructed with a limited number of views from limited angles or with conventional cone beam CT algorithms. The resulting 3D image enables the detection and diagnosis of fine micro calcifications and small masses as may be distributed throughout the breast, thus allowing radiologists to make an improved determination of malignancy as opposed to conventional 2D digital mammography. In addition, the injection of intravenous contrast in conjunction with or without pre and post contrast subtraction imaging provides a radiologist with morphologic information on the existing tumor burden in the breast.

Abstract: Voltage and current of an electrosurgical output signal which is conducted by a transformer are accurately simulated by executing a simulation algorithm to compensate for inherent distortion in the values of the current and voltage induced between primary and secondary windings of the transformer. The simulation algorithm is executed in response to voltage and current signals from a primary winding of the transformer, which may be a power output transformer or part of an electrosurgical output signal sensor.

Abstract: An electrosurgical generator has a control system formed by an array of logic gates programmed to execute mathematical algorithms for regulating at least one parameter of output power, output voltage or output current of an output electrosurgical signal in a closed loop response to sensed values of the output voltage and the output current.

Abstract: A transformer which conducts or responds to a high voltage, high frequency electrosurgical output waveform has a core with a permeability in the range of 500-2000 and a resistivity in the range of 90,000-1,000,000 ohm centimeters and insulation on the secondary high voltage winding of at least 800 VAC per 0.001 inch thickness. The permeability and resistivity of the core enhance energy conversion, reduce parasitic capacitance to enhance the high frequency spectral energy content of the electrosurgical output waveform while simultaneously reducing leakage current, reducing the size of the transformer, enhancing manufacturing reproducibility and enhancing the ability to pass a high voltage safety test.

Abstract: A converter power supply uses a resonant primary circuit connected to a transformer and switches driving current pulses to the resonant primary circuit in phase with and substantially over the duration of the positive and negative half cycles during drive conditions, and clamps to allow the natural resonant current to decay in magnitude substantially over the duration of the positive and negative half cycles during clamping conditions. The decisions to drive or to clamp are made on half-cycle of the naturally resonating current. An algorithmic relationship creates the maximum alternation of drive and clamp conditions to achieve the desired level of power regulation. A configuration of current switches drives the primary winding and charges a resonator capacitor during one half cycle of the resonant current, and during the other half cycle the capacitor is discharged to drive in the other direction. The power supply is particularly useful for energizing an x-ray tube.