Abstract: An apparatus for writing data to a data storage medium on which data is stored in data groups (N?3 to N+1) comprising tracks extending across and spaced from a reference edge of the storage medium includes a control system operable to cause i) a track reference difference value representative of a difference in a distance between the tracks of an existing data group (N?1) on the storage medium and the reference edge and a distance between the reference edge and the tracks of a data group (N) to be written to the storage medium such that it is the next data group following the existing data group (N?1) or ii) data from which such a difference value can be derived to be included in at least one of frame (A1 to A5) to be written between the existing data group and the next data group such that the tracks of the at least one frame are spaced from the reference edge by substantially the same distance as the tracks of the existing data group.

Abstract: A tape data transfer apparatus operable to determine a tape damage condition of a tape received in the apparatus by determining a value representative of a tape pack size of the received tape and comparing the value representative of tape pack size with a tape pack size reference value that is read from the cartridge.

Abstract: One embodiment of a tape drive apparatus has a non-volatile memory for storing an identifier. Data that is written by the tape drive apparatus to a loaded tape media is tagged using the identifier. This facilitates to identify the tape drive apparatus that has written the data onto the tape media such as for the purpose of failure analysis. Other devices and methods are included.

Abstract: A method of processing data comprising arranging data into a data group comprising a plurality of sub groups each said subgroup comprising a plurality of columns; for each column, determining at least one checksum data of said column; and for each column, storing the checksum data of that column within at least one said subgroup of the group, other than the subgroup to which said column belongs.

Abstract: A tape drive apparatus has a data transfer apparatus for transferring data between a loaded tape medium and the tape drive apparatus. A data processing apparatus is coupled to the data transfer apparatus for formatting the loaded tape medium. The formatting of the tape medium is performed using an identifier of the tape medium. For example, the identifier is written together with the formatting information onto the tape medium for later reference.

Abstract: Provided is method for changing the configuration of a media drive apparatus using a removable storage medium, the configuration of the media drive apparatus being stored as a plurality of configuration settings in a first non volatile memory of the media drive apparatus, the method comprising identifying the removable storage medium as a reconfiguration medium; reading data from the removable storage medium, the data comprising an identifier of one configuration setting of the plurality of configuration settings and a value for the one configuration setting; storing the value read from the removable storage medium in the non volatile memory of the media drive apparatus.

Abstract: A method of controlling relative motion of a data storage medium on which data is stored in data groups comprising tracks extending across the storage medium and a rotatable transducer for reading data from the storage medium includes determining from the data groups a start reread data group at which a data reread process is to start following detection of a read error condition in a preceding data read process. The method also includes obtaining a reread track reference value for use in controlling that relative motion during the data reread process using a track reference value difference stored in at least one track of at least one data group that is to be reread during the data reread process and a track reference value that was used in controlling that relative rotation during the preceding data read process.

Abstract: Data stored on a tape in a plurality of data recording sessions employs tape drive apparatus programmed to record the data in accordance with a format specifying a log of tape-usage information. The log is in the form of a data structure including a plurality of log sections in which tape usage information is recorded relating respectively to corresponding ones of the plurality of data recording sessions. The log sections together constitute a cumulative record of tape usage covering the corresponding plurality of recording sessions, each log section in respect of a recording session comprising an identifier of the tape drive apparatus used for that recording session and a count of the recording session.

Abstract: Data storage apparatus is provided for storing data on a tape in accordance with a format specifying a plurality of logs of tape-usage information and a data area for storing the data. Control means are programmed to update one of the logs for each usage of the tape, the logs being selected in turn for updating.

Abstract: A data transfer apparatus is described for transferring data between at least one transducer head of the data transfer apparatus and a data medium removably received in the data transfer apparatus. The data transfer apparatus is operable to monitor at least one data transfer performance characteristic, and to use results of the monitoring to set an indicator for access by the data transfer apparatus, for use in connection with a subsequent head-cleaning process using a designated head-cleaning medium, the indicator corresponding to an appropriate quality of head-cleaning process.

Abstract: A novel nuclear receptor, termed the steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR), a broad-specificity sensing receptor that is a novel branch of the nuclear receptor superfamily, has been discovered. SXR forms a heterodimer with RXR that can bind to and induce transcription from response elements present in steroid-inducible cytochrome P450 genes in response to hundreds of natural and synthetic compounds with biological activity, including therapeutic steroids as well as dietary steroids and lipids. Instead of hundreds of receptors, one for each inducing compound, the invention SXR receptors monitor aggregate levels of inducers to trigger production of metabolizing enzymes in a coordinated metabolic pathway. Agonists and antagonists of SXR are administered to subjects to achieve a variety of therapeutic goals dependent upon modulating metabolism of one or more endogenous steroids or xenobiotics to establish homeostasis.

Abstract: Farnesyl pyrophosphate, the metabolically active form of farnesol, is a key precursor in the synthesis of cholesterol, carotenoids, steroid hormones, bile acids and other molecules involved in cellular growth and metabolism. A nuclear receptor has been identified that is transcriptionally activated by farnesol and related molecules. This novel signaling pathway can be modulated by the use of key metabolic intermediates (or analogs and/or derivatives thereof) as transcriptional regulatory signals.

Abstract: The efficient regulation of cholesterol synthesis, metabolism, acquisition, and transport is an essential component of lipid homeostasis. The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a transcriptional sensor for bile acids, the primary product of cholesterol metabolism. Accordingly, the development of potent, selective, small molecule agonists, partial agonists, and antagonists of FXR would be an important step in further deconvoluting FXR physiology. In accordance with the present invention, the identification of novel potent FXR activators is described. Two derivatives of invention compounds, bearing stilbene or biaryl moieties, contain members that are the most potent FXR agonists reported to date in cell-based assays. These compounds are useful as chemical tools to further define the physiological role of FXR as well as therapeutic leads for the treatment of diseases linked to cholesterol, bile acids and their metabolism and homeostasis.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there are provided methods to modulate processes mediated by retinoid receptors, employing high affinity, high specificity ligands for such receptors. In one aspect of the present invention, there are provided ligands which are more selective for the retinoid X receptor than is retinoic acid (i.e., rexoids). In another aspect of the present invention, alternative ligands (other than retinoic acid) have been discovered which are capable of inducing retinoic acid receptor mediated processes. In yet another aspect, methods have been developed for the preparation of such retinoid receptor ligands from readily available compounds.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions comprising the ligand binding domain (LBD) of a farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in crystalline form. In alternative embodiments, the LBD of FXR is complexed with a ligand therefor. There are provided high resolution structures of FXR complexed with a novel high affinity agonist, fexaramine. The discovered structure of a FXR LBD provides the first three-dimensional view of the structural basis for FXR ligand binding. The present invention further provides a computer for producing a three-dimensional representation of FXR or a complex thereof, and a computer for determining at least a portion of the structure coordinates of FXR or a complex thereof. The present invention further provides methods of using this structural information to predict molecules capable of binding to FXR; to identify compounds with agonist, antagonist or partial agonist activity for FXR; and to determine whether a test compound is capable of binding to the LBD of FXR.

Abstract: Novel peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor subunits designated PPAR? and PPAR? are described. Nucleic acid sequences encoding the receptor subunits, expression vectors containing such sequences and host cells transformed with such vectors are also disclosed, as are heterodimeric PPAR receptors comprising at least one of the invention subunits, and methods for the expression of such novel receptors, and various uses therefor.

Abstract: The efficient regulation of cholesterol synthesis, metabolism, acquisition, and transport is an essential component of lipid homeostasis. The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a transcriptional sensor for bile acids, the primary product of cholesterol metabolism. Accordingly, the development of potent, selective, small molecule agonists, partial agonists, and antagonists of FXR would be an important step in further deconvoluting FXR physiology. In accordance with the present invention, the identification of novel potent FXR activators is described. Two derivatives of invention compounds, bearing stilbene or biaryl moieties, contain members that are the most potent FXR agonists reported to date in cell-based assays. These compounds are useful as chemical tools to further define the physiological role of FXR as well as therapeutic leads for the treatment of diseases linked to cholesterol, bile acids and their metabolism and homeostasis.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there are provided methods for identifying compounds which modulate the activity of TLX. Such compounds will find use in a wide variety of applications, e.g., methods for relieving TLX-mediated transcription repression and/or inducing processes mediated by TLX, methods for inhibiting processes mediated by TLX, methods for promoting stem cell differentiation in a system in need thereof, and the like. In accordance with additional aspects of the present invention, there are provided methods for identifying compounds which modulate the expression of TLX. Such compounds will find use in a variety of applications, e.g.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there are provided various methods for modulating the expression of an exogenous gene in a mammalian subject employing modified ecdysone receptors. Also provided are modified ecdysone receptors, as well as homomeric and heterodimeric receptors containing sane, nucleic acids encoding invention modified ecdysone receptors, modified ecdysone response elements, gene transfer vectors, recombinant cells, and transgenic animals containing nucleic acids encoding invention modified ecdysone receptor.

Abstract: Input to the system is buffered by the forms manager to determine access to the tile/region and to check entered data. The tile/region will retain various information such as data entered, user, time, changes, etc. To display a form, the forms manager obtains a list of objects to be displayed. This list of objects is then edited to remove objects which are not utilized and to place the remaining objects in a prioritized order. The forms manager then generates the display.