Abstract: A pump having a semi-rigid flexible outer tube with a sealed top and a sealed bottom, check valves at the top and bottom such that the outer tube is in fluid communication with the working fluid, an inner tube concentrically disposed within the outer tube, and a controlled source that applies pressure to expand the inner tube to apply a force to the working fluid in the annulus defined by the inner and outer tubes is used to pump viscous materials and/or slurries from the bottom of small diameter wells. The tubes are made from nonmetallic, elastic materials and can be inexpensively manufactured.

Abstract: A method of locating the source of material emitted into a moving fluid by measuring the mass flux of the emitted material in each direction of fluid flux over a period of time at a plurality of sensing points; smoothing these directional mass flux values by including a component of mass flux values taken from the adjacent fluid direction and then preparing a map of potential emission values of the emitted material at each point in a plane reasonably adjacent to the sensing points.