Abstract: Non-woven, bias laid fabrics, where the various fabric layers are held together by external means, such as stitching, and wherein, preferably, at least two of the layers are formed at an angle of from 30.degree. to 150.degree. relative to the long axis of the fabric, are formed by directing at least two pluralities of yarns back and forth across the width of the forming fabric, to be wrapped around or mounted on a series of needles formed on a moving conveyor, one conveyor being placed on either side and moving in the direction of the long axis of the fabric. Speed of movement of the yarns can be determined by the speed of movement of the mechanism for the machine operated to hold the various fabric layers together; preferably said machine mechanism moves more slowly near the ends of each cycle, so that yarn carriers are similarly slowed at either end of the forming fabric width, aiding in making successive courses of yarn lie parallel to each other without the necessity for extra equipment.

Abstract: Non-woven, bias laid fabrics, where the various fabric layers are held together by external means, such as stitching, and wherein, preferably, at least two of the layers are formed at an angle of from 30.degree. to 150.degree. relative to the long axis of the fabric, are formed by directing at least two pluralities of yarns back and forth across the width of the forming fabric, to be wrapped around or mounted on a series of needles formed on a moving conveyor, one conveyor being placed on either side and moving in the direction of the long axis of the fabric. Speed of movement of the yarns can be determined by the speed of movement of the mechanism for the machine operated to hold the various fabric layers together; preferably said machine mechanism moves more slowly near the ends of each cycle, so that yarn carriers are similarly slowed at either end of the forming fabric width, aiding in making successive courses of yarn lie parallel to each other without the necessity for extra equipment.

Abstract: A structural fabric (20, 28, 40, 48) and a method for making the same is disclosed. Structural fabric (20) is comprised of a plurality of substantially parallel, uniaxial structural yarn (22) and a secondary yarn (24) for holding the structural yarns (22) in place. The structural yarns (22) are oriented at an angle skewed from both the fabric centerline (26) and a line perpendicular to the fabric centerline (26).A double biased fabric (28) is made by sewing two fabrics (20) together with secondary yarn (39). An alternate double bias fabric (40) is made by sewing together with secondary yarn (46) the two layers of a flattened helix made from structural yarn (42, 44) running spirally substantially the length of the fabric (40).A triaxial fabric (48) is made by sewing together with a secondary yarn (56) two single biased fabrics (50, 52) and a layer of longitudinally-extending structural yarn pieces (54).

Abstract: Non-woven, bias laid fabrics, where the various fabric layers are held together by external means, such as stitching, and wherein, preferably, at least two of the layers are formed at an angle of from 30.degree. to 150.degree. relative to the long axis of the fabric, are formed by directing at least two pluralities of yarns back and forth across the width of the forming fabric, to be wrapped around or mounted on a series of needles formed on a moving conveyor, one conveyor being placed on either side and moving in the direction of the long axis of the fabric. Speed of movement of the yarns can be determined by the speed of movement of the mechanism for the machine operated to hold the various fabric layers together; preferably said machine mechanism moves more slowly near the ends of each cycle, so that yarn carriers are similarly slowed at either end of the forming fabric width, aiding in making successive courses of yarn lie parallel to each other without the necessity for extra equipment.

Abstract: A carrier mechanism for the insertion of weft fibers is provided, consisting of only one moving part. The mechanism comprises a frame with guide holes through which the weft fibers may be led and a presser bar apparatus mounted on the frame in a fashion to allow free rotation of the presser bar apparatus. The presser bar apparatus is slidably engaged with a carrier cam mechanism mounted upon a loom or knitting machine wherein the weft fibers are incorporated into a fabric. By providing this slidable engagement off-center of the presser bar apparatus, one or the other presser bar may be caused to be depressed by translational movement of the carrier mechanism. At the point of greatest depression of each presser bar, the weft fibers are depressed to the extent that they are engaged by belts of hooks at either end of the loom, which hooks then advance the weft fibers, maintained in parallel alignment, into the loom or knitting machine.

Abstract: A structural fabric of high torsion resistance and stiffness is provided. The fabric is a three-layered double biased fabric, the first layer being comprised of parallel structural fibers biased from the longitudinal center line of the fabric, the middle layer being comprised of parallel structural fibers of twice the weight of the fibers of the first layer and aligned at an angle of 90.degree. to those of the first layer and a third layer of parallel structural fibers of the same weight as those of the first layer and aligned at 90.degree. to those of the second layer. The fibers and layers may be held in place and affixed by use of secondary knitted or sewn yarns or threads, and the entire fabric may be saturated with a curable resin.

Abstract: Non-woven, bias laid fabrics, where the various fabric layers are held together by external means, such as stitching, and wherein, preferably, at least two of the layers are formed at an angle of from 30.degree. to 150.degree. relative to the long axis of the fabric, are formed by directing at least two pluralities of yarns back and forth across the width of the forming fabric, to be wrapped around or mounted on a series of needles formed on a moving conveyor, one conveyor being placed on either side and moving in the direction of the long axis of the fabric. Speed of movement of the yarns can be determined by the speed of movement of the mechanism for the machine operated to hold the various fabric layers together; preferably said machine mechanism moves more slowly near the ends of each cycle, so that yarn carriers are similarly slowed at either end of the forming fabric width, aiding in making successive courses of yarn lie parallel to each other without the necessity for extra equipment.