Abstract: A method of graphitic petal synthesis includes a step of providing a flexible carbon substrate, such as that including carbon microfibers. The method further includes the step of subjecting flexible carbon substrate to microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The resulting synthesized graphitic petal structure may optionally be coated with PANI.

Abstract: Pathogens are detected through the use of mutation-resistant ligands.

Abstract: A method of graphitic petal synthesis includes a step of providing a flexible carbon substrate, such as that including carbon microfibers. The method further includes the step of subjecting flexible carbon substrate to microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The resulting synthesized graphitic petal structure may optionally be coated with PANI.

Abstract: Pathogens are detected through the use of mutation-resistant ligands.

Abstract: A microcantilever used in Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) includes an elongated cantilevered body with a probe tip placed preferably near its free end and preferably along the cantilever's axis. Some embodiments of the present invention integrate into the microcantilever body an embedded or etched paddle that rotates rigidly about an axis parallel to that of the cantilever with hinges that connect the paddle to the cantilever body. In one embodiment the resonance frequency of this paddle resonator is higher than the fundamental resonance of the microcantilever so that the paddle rotation is proportional to the vertical microcantilever acceleration at the hinge location. The motion of the paddle can be detected using radiation irradiating the paddle; the reflected beam is centered onto a four quadrant photodiode as commonly found in AFM.

Abstract: Provided is a method for recording information utilizing a scanning tunneling microscope in conjunction with a modulated light source. The method comprises providing an information medium having an information layer as its topmost layer, and passing the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope over the surface of the information medium in conjunction with the tip of the scanning tunneling microscope and/or the surface of the information medium being irradiated with light from a focused light source. The irradiation is modulated in accordance with the information to be recorded such that a detectable change, e.g., a chemical or physical change is induced in the information layer of the medium to create a track of recorded bits of information. The method provides one with the ability to record information with the spatial resolution permitted by a scanning tunneling microscope and with the speed of an optical recording system.

Abstract: Provided is a method for reading information recorded in an information layer comprised of a fluorescent dye. In order to read the recorded information, the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope is passed over the information layer, said scanning tunneling microscope being of sufficient voltage to excite the fluorescent dye material to an excited state. Upon return of the dye material to ground state, fluorescence results. By measuring the fluorescence, or absence thereof, the recorded information can be deciphered.

Abstract: A method is described for forming uniform nanometer sized depressions on the surface of a conducting substrate. A tunneling tip is used to apply tunneling current density sufficient to vaporize a localized area of the substrate surface. The resulting depressions or craters in the substrate surface can be formed in information encoding patterns readable with a scanning tunneling microscope.